What causes specific language impairment in children?
What causes specific language impairment in children?
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-8721.2006.00439.x
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发表时间：
2006-10-01
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
Bishop, Dorothy V. M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bishop, Dorothy V. M.
特殊语言障碍（SLI）是当一个孩子的语言发展是缺乏明显的原因诊断。多年来，人们倾向于认为SLI是由诸如不良的养育、出生时的轻微脑损伤或短暂性听力损失等因素引起的。后来人们发现，这些因素在决定SLI风险方面远不如基因重要。人们开始寻找“SLI的基因”，但很快就发现没有一个单一的原因可以解释所有的病例。此外，虽然已经发现了由单一突变引起的SLI的迷人案例，但在大多数儿童中，这种疾病具有更复杂的基础，有几个遗传和环境风险因素相互作用。遗传效应最明显的证据来自于一些研究，这些研究使用理论上的潜在认知缺陷指标而不是传统的临床标准来诊断SLI。
Specific language impairment (SLI) is diagnosed when a child's language development is deficient for no obvious reason. For many years, there was a tendency to assume that SLI was caused by factors such as poor parenting, subtle brain damage around the time of birth, or transient hearing loss. Subsequently it became clear that these factors were far less important than genes in determining risk for SLI. A quest to find "the gene for SLI" was undertaken, but it soon became apparent that no single cause could account for all cases. Furthermore, although fascinating cases of SLI caused by a single mutation have been discovered, in most children the disorder has a more complex basis, with several genetic and environmental risk factors interacting. The clearest evidence for genetic effects has come from studies that diagnosed SLI using theoretically motivated measures of underlying cognitive deficits rather than conventional clinical criteria.