Acoustic indexes for marine biodiversity trends and ecosystem health
Acoustic indexes for marine biodiversity trends and ecosystem health
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海洋生物多样性趋势和生态系统健康的声学指数
DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2019.0447
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. Danovaro
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
N. Pieretti;R. Danovaro
最近提出了声学方法来调查关键的生态问题，如生物多样性丧失和不同类型的影响，包括气候变化。然而，声学监测的广泛使用受到缺乏算法的阻碍，这些算法能够区分不同的声源（例如，地球物理的、人为的和生物的）。生态和生物声学指数已被用于提供关于海洋生物多样性的时间和空间格局以及人类活动对海洋生物的影响的非侵入性信息。在这里，我们回顾了声学工具在扩大海洋生态系统的监测从目前的三维感知到四维的潜力。我们还探讨了使用声学指数，主要是在陆地生态学，不同的海洋生态系统的调查。还讨论了它们的评价、优势和局限性以及今后在海洋生物勘探方面的调查潜力。这篇文章是“海洋保护的综合研究视角”主题的一部分。
Acoustic approaches have been recently proposed to investigate critical ecological issues, such as biodiversity loss and different typologies of impacts, including climate change. However, the extensive use of acoustic monitoring is hampered by the lack of algorithms enabling the discrimination among different sound sources (e.g. geophysical, anthropogenic and biological). Eco- and bioacoustic indexes have been applied to provide non-invasive information on the temporal and spatial patterns of marine biodiversity and on the anthropogenic impact on marine life. Here, we review the potential of acoustic tools in expanding the monitoring of marine ecosystems from a current three-dimensional perception to a four-dimensional dimension. We also explore the use of acoustic indexes, mostly developed in terrestrial ecology, for the investigation of different marine ecosystems. Their appraisal, strengths and limits, and potential for future investigations in the biological exploration of the oceans are also discussed. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Integrative research perspectives on marine conservation’.