Nitrogen losses following application of pig slurry to arable land
Nitrogen losses following application of pig slurry to arable land
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将猪粪施用于耕地后的氮损失
DOI：
10.1111/j.1475-2743.1998.tb00150.x
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发表时间：
1998
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Å. Gustafsson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
P. Weslien;L. Klemedtsson;L. Svensson;B. Galle;Å. Kasimir;Å. Gustafsson
抽象的。在两个田间试验中，以83~96 kg NH_4-N ha~(-1)施肥量进行了两次田间试验，测定了氨(NH_3)、N_2O(N_2O)和硝酸盐(NO-3)的淋溶。1994年春秋两季，分别采用开沟(T)、浅施(S)、先铺后犁(B/H)和铺带(B)四种方法施药。在两个实验中，都在使用后的第一周进行了NH3排放的测量。春季试验测定了播种后6周和52周的N2O排放量，秋季试验测定了播种后11周和33周的N2O排放和NO-3淋失。在春季，增加的N2O排放量(即减去对照)在施氮量的0.27%(T)到0.45%(B/H)之间，秋季在0.92%(T)到1.14%(B/H)之间，尽管没有统计上的差异。为了验证小室的测量结果，我们使用了一个‘大房间’(21平方米)和一个红外光谱仪。(B/H)的排放量符合得很好，而(B)与较小的燃烧室相比排放量较低。NH3的排放量大约高出一个数量级。春季，(B)的排放量最高，达到施氮量的19.5%，而(S)和(B/H)的排放量最低，分别为施氮量的1.2%和3.5%。秋季NH3排放量比春季减少15%-20%。春季增加的硝态氮淋失量为10.1~24.9 kg ha-1(B/H)，秋季增加的硝态氮淋失量为29.5~37.8 kg ha-1(T)，差异不显著。对氨沉积和硝酸盐淋溶的间接N2O排放量的估算表明，NH3沉降对N2O的贡献相对较小，而NO-3淋溶的间接N2O排放量与直接N2O排放量相同或更高。
Abstract. Emissions of ammonia (NH3) and nitrous oxide (N2O), and nitrate (NO‐3) leaching were measured in two field experiments following application of pig slurry at rates corresponding to 83–96 kg NH4‐N ha‐1 before sowing. In spring and in autumn 1994, slurry was applied by four methods: trenching (T), shallow injection (S), band spreading immediately followed by harrowing (B/H) and band spreading (B). NH3 emission measurements were made during the first week after application in both experiments. In the spring experiment N2O emissions and NO‐3 leaching were measured during 6 and 52 weeks after spreading respectively, and during 11 and 33 weeks after spreading in the autumn experiment. In spring, the increased N2O emissions (i.e. control subtracted) ranged from 0.27% (T) to 0.45% (B/H), and in the autumn study from 0.92% (T) to 1.14% (B/H), of applied NH4‐N, although showing no statistically significant differences. In order to validate the chamber measurements, a ‘megachamber’(21 m2) was used together with an infrared spectrometer. The emissions agreed well for (B/H), while (B) resulted in lower emissions compared with the smaller chambers. Emissions of NH3 were about one order of magnitude higher. In spring, (B) gave the highest emission, reaching 19.5% of applied NH4‐N, whereas (S), and (B/H) gave the lowest emissions, reaching 1.2 and 3.5% of applied NH4‐N, respectively. NH3 emissions in autumn were 15–20% lower compared with spring. In spring the increased nitrate leaching ranged from 10.1 (T) to 24.9 kg ha‐1 (B/H) and from 29.5 (B) to 37.8 kg ha‐1 (T) in the autumn experiment, showing no statistically significant differences. Estimations of indirect N2O emissions due to ammonia deposition and nitrate leaching, suggested that the N2O contribution from NH3 deposition was relatively small, while the indirect N2O emissions from NO‐3 leaching were of the same order of magnitude or higher than the direct N2O emissions.
DOI：
10.2136/sssaj1987.03615995005100050019x
发表时间：
1987-09-01
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
PARKIN, TB
通讯作者：
PARKIN, TB