Climate warming leads to advanced fruit development period of temperate woody species but divergent changes in its length
Climate warming leads to advanced fruit development period of temperate woody species but divergent changes in its length
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DOI：
10.1111/gcb.16357
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发表时间：
2022-07
影响因子：
11.6
通讯作者：
Qianqian Ma;H. Hänninen;F. Berninger;Xiaobo Li;Jianguo Huang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Qianqian Ma;H. Hänninen;F. Berninger;Xiaobo Li;Jianguo Huang
近几十年来，气候变暖显着改变了植物的物候。然而，与广泛报道的变暖导致营养生长期延长相反，果实发育期（FDP）从开花到结果的反应在很大程度上仍未被探索，特别是对于木本植物。通过分析 1980 年至 2013 年间欧洲 2958 个物候观测点对 6 个温带木本物种开花和结果日期的超过 560,000 个实地观测结果，我们发现所有物种的开花和结果物候（即 FDP）都随着气候变暖而提前。然而，对于任何特定物种来说，这两个事件的推进速率不一定相等，导致气候变暖的物种之间 FDP 长度的变化存在差异。 1980-2013年，不仅FDP期间的温度升高，果实发育的强迫要求也增加，均影响FDP的长度。 FDP缩短主要是由于温度升高，加速了强迫的积累，而FDP延长主要是由于坐果的强迫需求大幅增加，需要更长的时间才能满足，从而减缓了坐果进度。这项研究提供了大规模的经验证据，证明变暖引起的 FDP 进步，但温带木本物种的 FDP 长度发生了不同的变化。我们的研究结果表明，在气候变暖的压力下，温带木本物种之间的生殖物候策略存在差异，与营养生长期的延长相反，这与不同木本物种在很大程度上相似。
Climate warming has significantly altered the phenology of plants in recent decades. However, in contrast to the widely reported warming‐induced extension of vegetative growing season, the response of fruit development period (FDP) from flowering to fruiting remains largely unexplored, particularly for woody plants. Analyzing >560,000 in situ observations of both flowering and fruiting dates for six temperate woody species across 2958 European phenological observations sites during 1980–2013, we found that in all species both flowering and fruiting phenology, that is, the FDP, advanced with climate warming. However, the advancing rates of the two events were not necessarily equal for any given species, resulting in divergent changes in the length of FDP among species with climate warming. During 1980–2013, not only the temperature during FDP but also the forcing requirement for fruit development increased, both affecting the length of FDP. The shortened FDP was mainly due to elevated temperature, thus accelerating the accumulation of forcing, whereas the prolonged FDP was primarily caused by the substantial increase of the forcing requirement of fruiting, which could be fulfilled only in a longer time and thus slowed down the advance of fruiting. This study provides large‐scale empirical evidence of warming‐induced advances of FDP but divergent changes in its length in temperate woody species. Our findings demonstrate the contrasting reproductive phenological strategies among temperate woody species under the pressure of warming climate, contrary to the lengthening of vegetative growing season, which is by and largely similar with different woody species.