A comparative study of myostatin, follistatin and decorin expression in muscle of different origin
A comparative study of myostatin, follistatin and decorin expression in muscle of different origin
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DOI：
10.1007/s12565-011-0103-0
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发表时间：
2011-09-01
影响因子：
1.2
通讯作者：
Ide, Yoshinobu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hiroki, Emi;Abe, Shinichi;Ide, Yoshinobu
肌肉再生支持衰老中的肌肉功能，并且在由进行性神经肌肉疾病引起的功能障碍中起作用。控制这一过程的主要物质是生长因子和细胞外基质（ECM）。因此，已知卵泡抑素拮抗TGF-β家族分泌的信号传导因子的几个成员的功能，包括肌生长抑制素-迄今为止表征的最强大的肌肉生长抑制剂。核心蛋白聚糖是一种富含亮氨酸的蛋白聚糖，它能捕获肌生长抑制素并调节其对ECM中肌源性细胞的活性。此外，关于mdx小鼠鳃弓来源的咬肌再生肌过程的报道很少。因此，为了阐明咬肌的肌肉再生过程，使用胫骨前肌（TA）作为阳性对照来检测肌生长抑制素、卵泡抑素和核心蛋白聚糖的基因和蛋白表达。在这两种肌肉中，mRNA肌生长抑制素，卵泡抑素和核心蛋白聚糖的表达逐渐增加，与TA肌肉比咬肌的增加更大。在2周时，两种肌肉都显示出正常的骨骼肌细胞。在3周时，咬肌表现出坏死的区域很少，而大的坏死区在TA肌。4周时，咬肌内可见明显的坏死组织形成和卵泡抑素蛋白的表达。这一结果表明，卵泡抑素的产生在坏死的存在下被刺激。有趣的是，两种肌肉都表现出相同的肌肉形成过程，但时间范围不同，这可能与肌肉起源有关。
Muscle regeneration supports muscle function in aging, and plays a role in the functional impairment caused by progressive neuromuscular diseases. Major substances controlling this process are growth factors and the extracellular matrix (ECM). Thus, follistatin is known to antagonize the function of several members of the TGF-beta family of secreted signaling factors, including myostatin-the most powerful inhibitor of muscle growth characterized to date. Decorin-a small leucine-rich proteoglycan-traps myostatin and modulates its activity towards myogenic cells in the ECM. In addition, there are few reports concerning the regenerative muscle process of masseter muscles, which are of branchial arch origin, in mdx mice. Thus, in order to clarify the muscle regenerative process of masseter muscle, gene and protein expression of myostatin, follistatin and decorin were examined using the tibialis anterior (TA)muscle as a positive control. In both muscles, a gradual increase in mRNA myostatin, follistatin and decorin expression was detected, with the increase being greater in TA muscle than in masseter muscle. At 2 weeks, both muscles exhibited normal skeletal muscle cells. At 3 weeks, masseter muscle demonstrated scant areas of necrosis, whereas large necrotic zones were seen in TA muscle. At 4 weeks, the formation of necrotic tissue and presence of follistatin protein was observed clearly in masseter muscle. This result indicates that follistatin production is stimulated in the presence of necrosis. Interestingly, both muscles showed the same process of muscular formation, but with different time frames, which could be related to muscle origin.