Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Unfolded Protein Response in Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Unfolded Protein Response in Neurodegenerative Diseases.
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DOI:
10.3390/ijms21176127
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发表时间:
2020-08-25
影响因子:
5.6
通讯作者:
Khair M
Khair M
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Ghemrawi R;Khair M

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内质网(ER)是参与蛋白质质量控制和细胞内稳态的重要细胞器。未折叠蛋白的积累导致内质网应激,随后通过未折叠蛋白反应(UPR)、pkr样内质网激酶(PERK)、肌醇需要跨膜激酶/核糖核酸内切酶1α (IRE1α)和激活转录因子6 (ATF6)途径激活适应性反应。然而,长期的细胞应激激活凋亡信号导致细胞死亡。神经细胞对蛋白质错误折叠特别敏感,因此发现ER和UPR功能障碍与许多神经退行性疾病有关,包括阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、肌萎缩侧索硬化症和朊病毒疾病,以及其他以错误折叠蛋白质的积累和聚集为特征的疾病。受影响组织中的UPR药理调节可能有助于神经退行性疾病的治疗和预防。内质网应激、UPR和神经病理之间的联系已经得到了很好的证实。在这篇综述中,我们提供了神经退行性疾病中UPR激活的最新证据,以及针对UPR的治疗策略和改善蛋白质展开和聚集的毒性作用。
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an important organelle involved in protein quality control and cellular homeostasis. The accumulation of unfolded proteins leads to an ER stress, followed by an adaptive response via the activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR), PKR-like ER kinase (PERK), inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase/endoribonuclease 1α (IRE1α) and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) pathways. However, prolonged cell stress activates apoptosis signaling leading to cell death. Neuronal cells are particularly sensitive to protein misfolding, consequently ER and UPR dysfunctions were found to be involved in many neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and prions diseases, among others characterized by the accumulation and aggregation of misfolded proteins. Pharmacological UPR modulation in affected tissues may contribute to the treatment and prevention of neurodegeneration. The association between ER stress, UPR and neuropathology is well established. In this review, we provide up-to-date evidence of UPR activation in neurodegenerative disorders followed by therapeutic strategies targeting the UPR and ameliorating the toxic effects of protein unfolding and aggregation.
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