Parental Recognition and the "Mew Call" in Black-Billed Gulls (Larus bulleri)
Parental Recognition and the "Mew Call" in Black-Billed Gulls (Larus bulleri)
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黑嘴鸥 (Larus bulleri) 的父母认可和“喵叫”
DOI：
10.2307/4083793
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发表时间：
1970
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
R. Evans
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Evans
在海鸥和鸥科（Laridae）中，有证据表明，父母对后代的个体识别或多或少与幼仔迁移的开始一致。有证据表明，凤头燕鸥（Sterna bernalus）（Davies和Carrick，1962）、环嘴鸥（Larus delawarensis）（Evans，1966）和笑鸥（L. atricilla）（Beer，1969）。由于个体识别是维持家庭团结的重要手段（Alley和Boyd，1950; Ramsay，1951），特别是在拥挤的群体中或附近出现扩展的育雏流动性之后（Bateson，1966），这种识别可能在殖民物种的早期发育特别良好，这些物种的幼仔在孵化后不久就离开巢穴并形成羊群。本研究的主要目的是通过研究黑嘴鸥雏鸟对父母识别的个体发育来验证这一假设。bulleri），一个高度殖民的物种（Black，1955; Beer，1965），其相对早熟的年轻人可能会离开筑巢区，往往与其他育雏混合，在孵化后1至2天内（Beer，1966）。对年幼的环嘴鸥进行的父母识别研究（Evans，1966）表明，幼鸟能够识别父母在喂养它们时反复发出的叫声;因此，在本研究中，选择在这种情况下发出的父母叫声来测试幼鸟对父母的识别。在黑嘴鸥中，雏鸟喂食之前或喂食时通常会发出柔和的、断断续续的咕噜声，这种咕噜声被描述为持续时间为1.5至2秒的“柔和的低吟声”，可以转录为“Chrrrrooooooo”，音调平稳降低（Beer，1966，与图1、2比较）。与银鸥（L.）在类似情况下发出的声音进行了比较。argentatus）（Tinbergen，1953：105，135，225; Moynihan，1955：143）、黑头鸥（L. ridibundus）（Moynihan，1955：45，95）、环嘴鸥（Moynihan，1958 a：111; 1958 b：121）和其他各种鸥类（Moynihan，1955，1962）表明这种叫声在功能上是相似的，可能与其他海鸥的“喵喵叫”特征同源。黑嘴鸥的这种叫声在人耳听来与银鸥的类似叫声有着显著的不同，丁伯根（1953）将其命名为“喵喵叫”。“mew call”这个名字在这里是根据莫伊尼汉（Moynihan，1958 a：112）的用法而采用的，莫伊尼汉将其描述为“最不容易混淆的，如果不是最具描述性的，可能的替代品。"
IN both gulls and terns (Laridae) evidence suggests that individual recognition of offspring by parents develops more or less coincident with the onset of brood mobility. Evidence that individual recognition of parents by young also develops at the same time has been obtained for the Crested Tern (Sterna bergii) (Davies and Carrick, 1962), Ring-billed Gull (Larus delawarensis) (Evans, 1966), and Laughing Gull (L. atricilla) (Beer, 1969). As individual recognition is an important means of maintaining family unity (Alley and Boyd, 1950; Ramsay, 1951), particularly after the onset of extended brood mobility in or near a congested colony (Bateson, 1966), such recognition might be expected to be particularly well-developed at an early age in colonial species whose young leave the nest and form flocks soon after hatching. The primary objective of the present study was to test this hypothesis by studying the ontogeny of parental recognition by chicks of the Black-billed Gull (L. bulleri), a highly colonial species (Black, 1955; Beer, 1965), whose relatively precocial young may leave the nesting area, often to intermingle with other broods, within 1 to 2 days after hatching (Beer, 1966). Studies of parental recognition by young Ring-billed Gulls (Evans, 1966) had indicated that chicks were able to recognize the call the parents gave repeatedly when feeding them; in the present study, the parental calls given in this context were therefore selected to test for parental recognition by the young. In Black-billed Gulls, chick feeding is typically preceded or accompanied by a soft, staccato purring that has been described as a "soft crooning sound" of 1.5 to 2 seconds duration and may be transcribed "Chrrrrrooooooo" with a smooth decrease in pitch (Beer, 1966, compare with Figures 1, 2). Comparison with the vocalizations given in similar situations by the Herring Gull (L. argentatus) (Tinbergen, 1953: 105, 135, 225; Moynihan, 1955: 143), the Black-headed Gull (L. ridibundus) (Moynihan, 1955: 45, 95), the Ring-billed Gull (Moynihan, 1958a: 111; 1958b: 121), and various other gull species (Moynihan, 1955, 1962) suggests that this call is similar in function, and possibly homologous to the "mew call" characteristic of other Larus gulls. This call in the Blackbilled Gull differs strikingly to the human ear from the comparable call of the Herring Gull that Tinbergen (1953) named the "mew call." The name "mew call" is adopted here following the usage of Moynihan (1958a: 112) who described it as "the least confusing, if not the most descriptive, of the possible alternatives."