Experiences with crop residue cover and direct seeding in the Bolivian highlands
Experiences with crop residue cover and direct seeding in the Bolivian highlands
复制标题
玻利维亚高地作物残茬覆盖和直播的经验
DOI：
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发表时间：
1999
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
P. Wall
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Wall
对玻利维亚高地小农户的调查表明，水分压力和土壤侵蚀是限制小麦产量的两个主要因素。本文讨论了为提高系统用水效率而进行的研究结果，从而有助于提高生产率。1994年在两个高原省开始进行研究，以评估作物残茬保留对增加水分渗透和作物产量的影响。在科恰班巴高谷，产量一直显着增加残留物保留，和初始水渗透率是相当高的地块与地面覆盖。相比之下，在丘基萨卡的两个地点，地面覆盖的影响很小，有时甚至是负面的。小麦直接播种到作物残茬中最初是用从巴西带来的小型单排牛拉免耕播种机进行的。虽然这些种子作物充分，操作员控制是困难的。因此，我们与国际发展部资助的PROMETA项目和玻利维亚研究机构IBTA合作开发了一台三行畜力小型谷物免耕播种机原型。播种效率和农民接受度的初步结果是积极的。
Surveys of small farmers in the Bolivian highlands have shown that moisture stress and soil erosion are the two major factors limiting wheat crop productivity. This paper discusses results of the research conducted to increase system water-use effi ciency and so help increase productivity. Research began in two highland departments in 1994 to assess the effects of crop residue retention on increasing water infiltration and crop yields. In the Cochabamba high valley, yields consistently have been increased significantly by residue retention, and initial water infiltration rates are considerably higher in plots with ground cover. In contrast, at two sites in Chuquisaca the effects of ground cover have been small or occasionally negative. Direct seeding of wheat into the crop residues was originally undertaken with small single-row ox-drawn no-till seeders brought from Brazil. Although these seed the crop adequately, operator control is difficult. A prototype three-row animal-drawn small grain no-till seeder, therefore, was devel oped in cooperation with the DFID-funded PROMETA project and the Bolivian research institution, IBTA. Initial results of seeding efficiency and farmer acceptance are positive.