Investing in early human development: timing and economic efficiency.
Investing in early human development: timing and economic efficiency.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ehb.2009.01.002
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发表时间：
2009-03
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Tremblay, Richard E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Doyle, Orla;Harmon, Colm P.;Heckman, James J.;Tremblay, Richard E.
改善社会经济不平等的政策讨论越来越多地集中在对幼儿的投资上。然而，这种干预措施的实施成本很高，而且很少有明确证据表明，在什么时候进行干预，才能在未来产生高的经济和社会回报。大多数成功的幼儿干预措施始于学龄前。然而，认知技能、社会情感功能和健康方面的社会经济梯度可以在三岁时观察到，这表明在童年早期开始的预防方案可能更有效。我们参考发育神经科学的最新研究讨论了幼儿干预的最佳时机。我们通过概述产前和幼儿期不良风险因素对以后生活结果的影响来激发早期干预的必要性。我们提供了一个简短的回顾，在生命早期投资的经济原理，并提出了“产前投资假说”。最后，我们讨论了一套新的欧洲干预措施，将为这一最佳时机的辩论提供信息。
Policy discussions to ameliorate socioeconomic (SES) inequalities are increasingly focused on investments in early childhood. Yet such interventions are costly to implement, and clear evidence on the optimal time to intervene to yield a high economic and social return in the future is meagre. The majority of successful early childhood interventions start in the preschool years. However socioeconomic gradients in cognitive skills, socio-emotional functioning and health can be observed by age three, suggesting that preventative programmes starting earlier in childhood may be even more effective. We discuss the optimal timing of early childhood intervention with reference to recent research in developmental neuroscience. We motivate the need for early intervention by providing an overview of the impact of adverse risk factors during the antenatal and early childhood periods on outcomes later in life. We provide a brief review of the economic rationale for investing early in life and propose the “antenatal investment hypothesis”. We conclude by discussing a suite of new European interventions that will inform this optimal timing debate.
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影响因子：
2.6
作者：
JOHNSON, JS;NEWPORT, EL
通讯作者：
NEWPORT, EL
影响因子：
--
作者：
Barnett, WS
通讯作者：
Barnett, WS
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
ANDERSON, NB;ARMSTEAD, CA
通讯作者：
ARMSTEAD, CA
DOI：
10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01704.x
发表时间：
2007-05-01
影响因子：
7.6
作者：
Geoffroy, Marie-Claude;Cote, Sylvana M.;Rutter, Michael
通讯作者：
Rutter, Michael
影响因子：
37.8
作者：
Dong, MX;Giles, WH;Anda, RF
通讯作者：
Anda, RF