Lexical decomposition
Lexical decomposition
复制标题
词汇分解
DOI：
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Murugan Kumar
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Shahid;M. S. Khan;Murugan Kumar
在天真的观点下，简单的（未派生的）词汇项目，如 house、man、die 构成了意义的原子，它们在语法上结合起来形成结构化的话语。简单词语在人类分类中的作用可以支持这种观点。在概念类别的层次结构中，有一个特权抽象级别，称为基本级别（Rosch 等人，1976）。在这个水平上，受试者能够最快地识别类别成员，最容易获得概念启动，随着时间的推移，信息最容易被记住，并且单个心理图像可以反映整个类别。基础类别往往是幼儿最先掌握的类别，也往往用最简单的词语来表达。 “一般来说，分类学的基本抽象级别是类别携带最多信息、拥有最高线索有效性、因此彼此之间最具差异性的级别。” （Rosch 等人，1976 年：383f.）。在(1)的小例子中，house属于基本层面，而复合名词Courthouse则更为具体，派生名词Building则更为笼统。
Under a naïve view, simple (underived) lexical items such as house, man, die constitute the atoms of meaning which combine syntactically forming structured utterances. Such a view could be supported by the role of simple words in human categorization. In the hierarchy of conceptual categories there is a privileged level of abstraction, called the basic level (Rosch et al. 1976). It is the level at which the subjects are fastest at identifying category members, at which conceptual priming most easily obtains, at which information most easily is remembered over time, and at which a single mental image can reflect the entire category. Basic-level categories tend to be the first ones acquired by young children, and also tend to be expressed by the most simple words. “In general, the basic level of abstraction in a taxonomy is the level at which categories carry the most information, possess the highest cue validity, and are, thus, the most differentiated from one another.” (Rosch et al. 1976: 383f.). In the small example in (1), house is at the basic level, while the composite noun courthouse is more specific, and the derived noun building is more general.