The breakdown of accommodation - Nerve as model sense-organ
The breakdown of accommodation - Nerve as model sense-organ
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DOI：
10.1152/jn.1942.5.1.55
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发表时间：
1942-01-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Skoglund, CR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bernhard, CG;Granit, R;Skoglund, CR
方法利用我们的物理学家T.海尔姆，有空。该仪器的原理是通过电容器对电网充电来释放最初阻塞的阳极电流。Kahlson和V. Werz（1936）等人以前就利用过这一原则。我们的装置中的一个改进在于使用连接到HT电路的阴极侧的适当电阻，以消除由于阀的特性而引起的HT电流上升的变形。用图解法确定了刺激阳极电路中电流上升的形式。然而，在下面绘制的图表中，没有使用实际的上升时间，而是使用了与电网充电的冷凝器的C XR产品成比例的系数。这样做的原因是我们最初打算计算希尔常数x（希尔，1936年及以下）。刺激电流保持在它们已经上升的水平，直到手动中断。Granit和Skoglund（1941）用瑞典语描述了这项技术，并观察到了调节的崩溃。由于HT回路的内阻相对于组织的内阻较高，因此认为将银-氯化银电极置于阳极回路中是令人满意的。通过这些电极单极刺激神经。一个Lapicque电路类似于索兰特（1935-36）使用的一个缓慢上升的刺激也可用。去大脑的猫，有时青蛙，被用于外周神经的工作。在前一种情况下，动物被关在一个加热和屏蔽的盒子里，盒子里有一个装满沸水的水箱，提供所需的潮湿空气。还用Dytiscus的视网膜和视神经节进行了一些实验。采用阴极射线描记器和电容耦合放大器从神经或肌肉记录。
METHODFor slowly rising currents of different time constants an apparatus built by our physicist, Mr. T. Helme, was available. The principle of this instrument is a release of an initially blocked anode current by charging the grid over condensers. Kahlson and v. Werz (1936) among others have utilized this principle before. An improvement in our apparatus consists in the use of a suitable resistance connected to the cathode-side of the HT circuit in order to eliminate deformation of the HT current rise owing to the characteristic of the valve. The form of the rise of the current in the stimulating anode circuit was determined oscillographically. In the diagrams plotted below, however, the actual rising times have not been used but a factor proportional to the C XR products of the condensers charging the grid. The reason for this was our original intention to calculate Hill’s constant x (Hill, 1936, and below). The stimulating currents remain at the level to which they have risen until broken off manually. A description of the technique together with observations on the breakdown of accommodation has been given in Swedish by Granit and Skoglund(1941).Silver-silver chloride electrodes placed in the anode circuit were held to be satisfa&ory on account of the high internal resistance of the HT circuit relative to that of the tissue. The nerves were stimulated monopolarly through these electrodes. A Lapicque-circuit similar to the one used by Solandt(1935-36) for slowly rising stimuli was also available. Decerebrate cats, sometimes frogs, were used for work on peripheral nerve. In the former case the animals were kept in a heated and shielded box with a cistern of boiling water supplying the moist atmosphere needed. A number of experiments were also carried out with the retina and optic ganglion of Dytiscus. Cathode ray oscillograph and condenser coupled amplifier were used for recording from nerve or muscle.