The implication of the metallurgical traditions associated with Chinese style wagons from the royal Xiongnu tomb at Golmod 2 in Mongolia
The implication of the metallurgical traditions associated with Chinese style wagons from the royal Xiongnu tomb at Golmod 2 in Mongolia
复制标题
蒙古戈尔莫德2号匈奴王陵出土的中国式马车对冶金传统的启示
DOI：
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
G. Eregzen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Park;D. Erdenebaatar;G. Eregzen
从匈奴皇室墓葬中出土的装饰华丽的马车通常被认为是中国献给匈奴精英的贡品，象征着匈奴国家（公元前209年-公元155年）和汉朝（公元前206年-公元220年）之间重要的政治和经济互动。这一理论认为这些车辆与匈奴本土工艺没有关系。此外，汉朝提供给北方游牧民族的专门产品经常被引用来支持匈奴在技术和政治发展上依赖外国的观点。为了找到中国传统铁器和青铜器技术的证据，我们检查了这些马车的一些关键金属部件，这些马车是从蒙古中部格尔莫德2号的匈奴皇室墓葬中挖掘出来的，放射性碳测定时间为公元前109年至公元75年。令人惊讶的是，所讨论的铁冶金主要基于bloomery工艺，而低锡青铜和砷铜合金主导了相关的青铜生产。这些各自的工艺传统是匈奴制造的典型，但与汉族传统冶金有很大不同。我们认为这一证据表明，需要对匈奴国家的崛起和发展的外国影响进行更平衡的评估。
Lavishly decorated wagons excavated from royal Xiongnu burials are generally regarded as tribute items from China offered to Xiongnu elites, symbolizing important political and economic interactions between the Xiongnu state (209 BC–155 AD) and the Han dynasty (206 BC–220 AD). This theory views such vehicles as having no relation to indigenous Xiongnu craftsmanship. Furthermore, specialized products delivered to the northern nomadic peoples from the Han state are often cited in support of the notion of Xiongnu dependency on foreign states for technological and political development. Expecting to find evidence of China’s traditional iron and bronze technology, we examined a number of key metallic components of these wagons excavated from the royal Xiongnu burial at Golmod 2 in central Mongolia, radiocarbon dated to 109 BC–AD 75. Surprisingly, the iron metallurgy in question was based primarily on the bloomery process while low tin bronze and arsenical copper alloys dominated the pertinent bronze production. These respective technological traditions are typical of Xiongnu manufacture but significantly different from traditional Han metallurgy. We interpret this evidence as suggesting the need for a more balanced evaluation of foreign influence on the rise and development of the Xiongnu state.