A contribution to the problem of development
A contribution to the problem of development
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对发展问题的贡献
DOI：
10.1002/qj.49707331710
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发表时间：
1947
影响因子：
8.9
通讯作者：
R. Sutcliffe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Sutcliffe
I. 在较早的论文（1939）中，有人认为大气中的发展由发散和汇聚的垂直分布组成，因此定义表面压力趋势的综合发散是不同水平上相反贡献的一小部分残余。 Tj-pica1 气旋形成由对流层下部的辐合与对流层上部的发散大致平衡组成。典型的反气旋发生具有相反的结构。据推断，可以通过获取表面与通常位于循环上肢的某个上部水平之间的分歧来诊断发育。“这种方法将具有消除在所有水平（静水力）反映的表面趋势的贡献的简化效果，因此避免了将发育与表面等压场联系起来的困难，该问题本质上是回避的。人们进一步争论，忽略了改变纬度的影响。地转风场是非发散的，这（在无摩擦的大气中）意味着发散是由“地转偏离”或水平加速度的旋度来定义的。因此，对地表 mtl 撕裂器水平之间的加速度差场的研究将表明发展的本质。本文在涡度的变化方面提出了相同的论证，这密切相关 随着加速的卷曲，引起了罗斯比（1939，1940）等人的相当关注。
I. In an earlier paper (1939) it was argued that development in the atmosphere consists of a vertical distribution of divergence and convergence such that the integrated divergence, defining the surface pressure tendency, is a small residual of opposing contributions at different levels. Tj-pica1 cyclogenesis consists of convergence in the lower troposphere approximately balanced by divergence above probably mainly in the upper troposphere. Typical anticyclogenesis has the reverse structure. It was inferred that development could be diagnosed by taking the difference between the divergence at the surface and some upper level which would normally be in the upper limb of the circulation.'This method would have the simplifying effect of cancelling out the contribution of the surface tendencies which are reflected (hydrostatically) at all levels and so avoiding the difficulty that in relating development to the surface isallobaric field the question is being essentially begged. It was further argucd, ignoring the effect of changing latitude. that the geostrophic wind field is non-divergent which (in a frictionless atmosphere) means that the divergence is defined by that of the" eostrophic departure or by the curl of the horizontal acceleratiop.. Thus a study of the field of acceleration difference between the surface mtl ripper level would indicate the nature of development. The present paper develops the same getieral argument in terms of the change of vorticity which, closely connected with the curl of acceleration, has received considerable attention by Rossby (1939, 1940) and others.