Biogeography and history of the Mediterranean bird fauna
Biogeography and history of the Mediterranean bird fauna
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/j.1474-919x.1998.tb04600.x
复制
发表时间：
1998-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Blondel, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Covas, R;Blondel, J
地中海地区有366种繁殖鸟类，是物种多样性的“热点”，许多地理区域为现存动物群的建立做出了贡献，这使得该地区成为鸟类的十字路口，但两个最重要的领域是今天延伸到欧亚大陆的大型森林区块和南部和西南部古北的半干旱带。在地中海盆地内可能分化的少数几个群体大多是开放栖息地和灌木丛中的鸟类（例如Sylvia spp），而很少有物种在以硬叶万年青树种为主的地中海森林中进化，我们认为，这是更新世植被带及其相关动物群历史的结果。总体上，与其他脊椎动物群相比，鸟类区系在整个流域的分布相当均匀，尽管在物种组合方面存在一些区域特定的趋势，主要是基于栖息地选择和地理起源，许多起源于东部和东南部的物种侵入了地中海盆地的北方一侧，直到巴尔干半岛的半岛，而南部则到达大西洋海岸，现存的地中海鸟类区系的地理模式的解释，在第四纪的历史上共享的biobacterium的西部古北关系到周期性的气候变化，产生周期性的巨大的时空迁移的社区和人口。人类的严重影响，开始C。8000- 10，000年前的大灭绝并没有导致物种灭绝，而是导致了分布模式的巨大变化，使地理学场景的重建变得复杂。
With 366 species of breeding birds, the Mediterranean region is a "hot spot" of species diversity, Many biogeographic realms contributed to the establishment of the extant fauna, which makes this region a crossroads for birds, but the two most important realms are the large forest blocks that extend today over Eurasia and the semi-arid belts of the southern and southwestern Palaearctic, The few groups that presumably differentiated within the Mediterranean basin are mostly birds of open habitats and shrublands (e.g. Sylvia spp,), whereas few species evolved in Mediterranean forests dominated by sclerophyllous evergreen tree species, We suggest this results from the history of vegetation belts and their associated faunas during the Pleistocene, On the whole, in contrast to other groups of vertebrates, the bird fauna is fairly homogeneously distributed all over the basin although there are some regional-specific trends in species assemblages, mostly on the basis of habitat selection and biogeographic origin, Many species of eastern and southeastern origin invaded the Mediterranean basin on the northern side of the sea up to the Balkan peninsula and the southern side to the Atlantic coast, The extant biogeographic patterns of the Mediterranean bird fauna are interpreted in the light of the Quaternary history shared by the biotas of the western Palaearctic in relation to the cycle of climatic changes which produced periodic huge spatiotemporal migrations of communities and populations. The severe human impact that started c. 8000-10,000 years ago resulted not so much in species extinctions as in dramatic changes in distributional patterns, complicating the reconstruction of biogeographic scenarios.