Mechanics of Cavitation
Mechanics of Cavitation
复制标题
空化力学
DOI：
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发表时间：
1963
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
V. Johnson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
V. Johnson
对空化机理的相关知识进行了综述。研究了球形气体核的稳定性准则以及这种核的可能起源。空腔不稳定的临界压力取决于流体中存在的核的类型和大小。在大型水工建筑物中，该临界压力通常被视为液体蒸汽压力，但在实验室设施中测试的小型模型中，临界压力可能远小于蒸汽压力。对于具有不分离边界层的流线型体，可以通过设置最小边界压力等于临界压力来预测空化发生的条件。这种方法通常不适用于具有分离流的物体；然而，本文提出了一种分离流中空化产生条件的保守估计方法。研究了崩塌空腔的动力学，并对边界层对形成的空腔类型和造成的损伤的影响进行了评述。提出了由空化过程力学推导出的尺度效应。
A summary review of the knowledge related to the mechanism of cavitation is presented. Stability criteria for a spherical gas nucleus as well as the possible origins of such nuclei are examined. The critical pressure for cavity instability depends on the type and size of nuclei present in the flow. This critical pressure in large hydraulic structures usually be taken as the liquid vapor pressure but for small models tested in laboratory facilities, the critical pressure can be much less than vapor pressure. For streamlined bodies with unseparated boundary layers, the conditions for cavitation inception may be predicted by setting the minimum boundary pressure equal to the critical pressure. This method is usually inadequate for the case of bodies with separated flows; however, a method of conservatively estimating the conditions for cavitation inception in separated flows is presented. The dynamics of a collapsing cavity are examined, and the influence of the boundary layer on the types of cavities formed and the resulting damage is also reviewed. The scale effects suggested by the mechanics of the cavitation process are presented.