CarbonCast: multi-day forecasting of grid carbon intensity

CarbonCast: multi-day forecasting of grid carbon intensity
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CarbonCast:电网碳强度的多日预测

DOI:
10.1145/3563357.3564079
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发表时间:
2022
期刊:
and Transportation (BuildSys ’22
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Sitaraman, Ramesh K.
Sitaraman, Ramesh K.
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Maji, Diptyaroop;Shenoy, Prashant;Sitaraman, Ramesh K.

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不断增长的能源需求导致电网产生大量碳排放。近年来,人们越来越关注需求侧优化,以减少电力使用的碳排放。这些优化的一个重要组成部分是对电网供电的碳强度进行短期预测。许多最近的预测技术集中在一天前的预测,但获得更长时间的预测,如多天,虽然有用,但没有得到太多的关注。在本文中,我们提出了CarbonCast,一种基于机器学习的分层方法,提供了电网碳强度的多日预测。CarbonCast使用神经网络首先生成所有发电源的产量预测。然后,它使用混合CNN-LSTM方法将这些一级预测与历史碳强度数据和天气预报相结合,生成长达四天的碳强度预测。我们的研究结果表明,这样的分层设计提高了预测的鲁棒性,对与较长的多日预测期的不确定性。我们还分析了哪些因素最影响任何地区的碳强度预测与特定的混合发电源。我们发现,CarbonCast的4天预测在六个地理分布的地区有4.80- 13.93%的MAPE,同时优于最先进的方法。重要的是,CarbonCast是第一个用于多日碳强度预测的开源工具,其代码和数据可供研究界免费使用。
The ever-increasing demand for energy is resulting in considerable carbon emissions from the electricity grid. In recent years, there has been growing attention on demand-side optimizations to reduce carbon emissions from electricity usage. A vital component of these optimizations is short-term forecasting of the carbon intensity of the grid-supplied electricity. Many recent forecasting techniques focus on day-ahead forecasts, but obtaining such forecasts for longer periods, such as multiple days, while useful, has not gotten much attention. In this paper, we present CarbonCast, a machine-learning-based hierarchical approach that provides multi-day forecasts of the grid's carbon intensity. CarbonCast uses neural networks to first generate production forecasts for all the electricity-generating sources. It then uses a hybrid CNN-LSTM approach to combine these first-tier forecasts with historical carbon intensity data and weather forecasts to generate a carbon intensity forecast for up to four days. Our results show that such a hierarchical design improves the robustness of the predictions against the uncertainty associated with a longer multi-day forecasting period. We also analyze which factors most influence the carbon intensity forecasts of any region with a specific mixture of electricity-generating sources. We show that CarbonCast's 4-day forecasts have a MAPE of 4.80--13.93% across six geographically distributed regions while outperforming state-of-the-art methods. Importantly, CarbonCast is the first open-sourced tool for multi-day carbon intensity forecasts where the code and data are freely available to the research community.
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