Space-time and integral measures of individual accessibility: A comparative analysis using a point-based framework
Space-time and integral measures of individual accessibility: A comparative analysis using a point-based framework
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1538-4632.1998.tb00396.x
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发表时间：
1998-07-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Kwan, MP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kwan, MP
传统的无障碍综合措施，虽然有价值的地方无障碍指标，有几个局限性时，用于评估个人的无障碍。在这项研究中，探讨了两种替代方案，以克服所涉及的一些困难。一个是调整这些措施，使用分类，非分区的方法来评估个人的无障碍环境。另一种是根据另一种概念框架制定不同类型的措施。为了追求前一种选择，本研究使用基于点的空间框架指定和检查18重力型和累积机会的可达性措施。对于后一种选择，十二个时空可达性措施的基础上构建的棱镜约束的可行的机会集。本文比较了这三十个措施的关系和空间模式，使用基于网络的CIS程序。在俄亥俄州的哥伦布收集的旅行日记数据和10,727个选定地块的数字数据集用于所有计算。本研究的结果表明，时空和整体指数是不同类型的无障碍措施，反映了不同层面的无障碍体验的个人。由于时空尺度更能反映人与人之间的差异，特别是时空限制的影响，因此它们更“性别敏感”，有助于揭示可及性方面的性别/种族差异。一个重要的方法论含义是，可及性是否被观察到是重要的或个人之间的差异，在很大程度上取决于所使用的措施是否能够揭示分析师打算观察到的那种差异。
Conventional integral measures of accessibility, although valuable as indicators of place accessibility, have several limitations when used to evaluate individual accessibility. Two alternatives for overcoming some of the difficulties involved are explored in this study. One is to adapt these measures for evaluating individual accessibility using a disaggregate, nonzonal approach. The other is to develop different types of measures based on an alternative conceptual framework. To pursue the former alternative, this study specifies and examines eighteen gravity-type and cumulative-opportunity accessibility measures using a point-based spatial framework. For the latter option, twelve space-time accessibility measures are developed based on the construct of a prism-constrained feasible opportunity set. This paper compares the relationships and spatial patterns of these thirty measures using network-based CIS procedures. Travel diary data collected in Columbus, Ohio, and a digital data set of 10,727 selected land parcels are used for all computation. Results of this study indicate that space-time and integral indices are distinctive types of accessibility measures which reflect different dimensions of the accessibility experience of individuals. Since spacetime measures are more capable of capturing interpersonal differences, especially the effect of space-time constraints, they are more "gender sensitive" and helpful for unraveling gender/ethnic differences in accessibility. An important methodological implication is that whether accessibility is observed to be important or different between individuals depends heavily on whether the measure used is capable of revealing the kind of differences the analyst intends to observe.