Studies of directed forgetting in older adults.
Studies of directed forgetting in older adults.
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老年人定向遗忘的研究。
DOI：
10.1037//0278-7393.22.1.143
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发表时间：
1996
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Hasher,L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zacks,RT;Radvansky,G;Hasher,L
在 4 个定向遗忘实验中对年轻人和老年人进行了比较。这些不同之处在于分类与不相关单词列表的使用以及逐项与块状记住-忘记提示程序的使用。与 L. Hasher 和 RT Zacks (1988) 关于老年人抑制机制受损的假设一致，各种研究结果表明，这个年龄组比年轻人更难抑制指定为被遗忘的项目 (TBF) 的处理和检索。具体来说，与年轻人相比，老年人在立即回忆测试（实验 1A 和 1B）中产生更多的 TBF 单词侵入，在立即识别测试（实验 3）中花费更长的时间拒绝 TBF 项目（相对于中性基线），并在延迟保留测试中回忆（实验 1A、1B 和 2）和识别（实验 1B 和 2）相对更多的 TBF 项目，其中所有研究项目都被指定为目标。
Younger and older adults were compared in 4 directed forgetting experiments. These varied in the use of categorized versus unrelated word lists and in the use of item by item versus blocked remember–forget cueing procedures. Consistent with L. Hasher and RT Zacks's (1988) hypothesis of impaired inhibitory mechanisms in older adults, a variety of findings indicated that this age group is less able than younger adults to suppress the processing and retrieval of items designated as to be forgotten (TBF). Specifically, in comparison with younger adults, older adults produced more TBF word intrusions on an immediate recall test (Experiments 1A and 1B), took longer to reject TBF items (relative to a neutral baseline) on an immediate recognition test (Experiment 3), and recalled (Experiments 1A, 1B, and 2) and recognized (Experiments 1B and 2) relatively more TBF items on delayed retention tests in which all studied items were designated as targets.