Importance of zinc in the central nervous system: The zinc-containing neuron
Importance of zinc in the central nervous system: The zinc-containing neuron
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DOI：
10.1093/jn/130.5.1471s
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发表时间：
2000-05-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Thompson, RB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Frederickson, CJ;Suh, SW;Thompson, RB
锌对多种蛋白质的结构和功能至关重要，包括调节、结构和酶。据估计，人类基因组中多达1%的蛋白质编码锌指蛋白。在中枢神经系统中，锌作为神经分泌产物或辅助因子具有额外的作用。在这种作用下，锌高度集中在一种特殊的神经元的突触囊泡中，这种神经元被称为“含锌”神经元。含锌神经元是谷氨酸能神经元的一个子集。锌在囊泡中的浓度可能超过1mmol /L，与任何内源性配体的配位都很弱。含锌神经元几乎只存在于前脑中，在哺乳动物的前脑中，它们已经进化成一个复杂而精细的联系网络，将大多数大脑皮层和边缘结构相互连接起来。事实上，这些神经元的一个有趣的方面是，它们在某种程度上构成了哺乳动物大脑皮层的化学特异性“私人线”。本综述概述了(1)用于发现、定义和描述含锌神经元的方法；(2)含锌神经回路的神经结构和突触；(3)水疱锌释放调控的生理机制；(4)囊状锌的“生命周期”和分子生物学；(5)突触释放锌在大脑皮层正常和病理过程中的重要性；(6)特异性和非特异性应激源在锌释放中的作用。
Zinc is essential to the structure and function of myriad proteins, including regulatory, structural and enzymatic, It is estimated that up to 1 % of the human genome codes for zinc finger proteins. In the central nervous system, zinc has an additional role as a neurosecretory product or cofactor. In this role, zinc is highly concentrated in the synaptic vesicles of a specific contingent of neurons, called "zinc-containing" neurons. Zinc-containing neurons are a subset of glutamatergic neurons. The zinc in the vesicles probably exceeds 1 mmol/L in concentration and is only weakly coordinated with any endogenous ligand. Zinc-containing neurons are found almost exclusively in the forebrain, where in mammals they have evolved into a complex and elaborate associational network that interconnects most of the cerebral cortices and limbic structures. Indeed, one of the intriguing aspects of these neurons is that they compose somewhat of a chemospecific "private line" of the mammalian cerebral cortex, The present review outlines (I) the methods used to discover, define and describe zinc-containing neurons; (2) the neuroarchitecture and synaptology of zinc-containing neural circuits; (3) the physiology of regulated vesicular zinc release; (4) the "life cycle" and molecular biology of vesicular zinc; (5) the importance of synaptically released zinc in the normal and pathological processes of the cerebral cortex; and (6) the role of specific and nonspecific stressors in the release of zinc.