Evolthon: A community endeavor to evolve lab evolution
Evolthon: A community endeavor to evolve lab evolution
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pbio.3000182
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发表时间：
2019-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Pilpel, Yitzhak
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Strauss, Sivan Kaminski;Schirman, Dvir;Pilpel, Yitzhak
在实验进化中，科学家们在实验室中进化生物，通常是通过挑战新的环境条件。怎样才能最好地进化出一种想要的特质？挑战是否应该突然、逐渐、定期或零星地实施？是否应该应用化学诱变，先天突变率高的菌株是否进化得更快？什么是进化种群的理想种群规模？除了个别实验室可以暴露的策略外，还有无穷无尽的策略。因此，我们安排了一个社区挑战赛，Evolthon，来自不同实验室的学生和科学家被要求进化大肠杆菌或酿酒酵母以适应非生物压力缓慢的温度。来自世界各地的约30名参与者探索了不同的环境和遗传进化机制。在每个实验室经过一段时间的进化后，每个物种的所有菌株都相互竞争。在酵母中，最成功的策略是使用交配，强调了性在进化中的重要性。在细菌中，最适合的菌株使用基于探索不同突变率的策略。不同的策略在其他挑战和条件下表现出不同的性能和稳定性水平。因此，这项研究揭示了有效的实验进化方案的原则，并可能被证明是有用的，也为新菌株的生物技术的发展和理解物种之间的进化军备竞赛的自然策略。Evolthon构成了一个以社区为基础的科学探索模式，鼓励创造力和合作。
In experimental evolution, scientists evolve organisms in the lab, typically by challenging them to new environmental conditions. How best to evolve a desired trait? Should the challenge be applied abruptly, gradually, periodically, sporadically? Should one apply chemical mutagenesis, and do strains with high innate mutation rate evolve faster? What are ideal population sizes of evolving populations? There are endless strategies, beyond those that can be exposed by individual labs. We therefore arranged a community challenge, Evolthon, in which students and scientists from different labs were asked to evolve Escherichia coli or Saccharomyces cerevisiae for an abiotic stresslow temperature. About 30 participants from around the world explored diverse environmental and genetic regimes of evolution. After a period of evolution in each lab, all strains of each species were competed with one another. In yeast, the most successful strategies were those that used mating, underscoring the importance of sex in evolution. In bacteria, the fittest strain used a strategy based on exploration of different mutation rates. Different strategies displayed variable levels of performance and stability across additional challenges and conditions. This study therefore uncovers principles of effective experimental evolutionary regimens and might prove useful also for biotechnological developments of new strains and for understanding natural strategies in evolutionary arms races between species. Evolthon constitutes a model for community-based scientific exploration that encourages creativity and cooperation.