Cross-cultural evidence for the fundamental features of extraversion
Cross-cultural evidence for the fundamental features of extraversion
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DOI：
10.1037//0022-3514.79.3.452
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发表时间：
2000-09-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Shao, L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lucas, RE;Diener, E;Shao, L
心理学家尚未确定外向性的决定性特征。在四项研究中，作者检验了外向性各方面由奖励敏感性相联系这一假设。根据这一假设，只有反映奖励敏感性的方面才应负载于一个更高层次的外向性因素上。该模型与一个以社交性联系各方面的模型进行了对比检验。作者还在来自39个国家的多样化参与者样本中检验了该模型的普遍性，并使用广泛使用的外向性量表对该模型进行了检验。所有研究的结果表明，只有反映奖励敏感性的方面才负载于一个更高层次的外向性因素上，并且这个因素与积极情感密切相关。尽管社交性无疑是外向性的一个重要部分，但这些结果表明，外向者的社交性可能是奖励敏感性的一个副产品，而不是该特质的核心特征。
Psychologists have not determined the defining characteristics of extraversion. In four studies, the authors tested the hypothesis that extraversion facets are linked by reward sensitivity. According to this hypothesis, only facets that reflect reward sensitivity should load on a higher order extraversion factor. This model was tested against a model in which sociability links the facets. The authors also tested the generalizability of the model in a diverse sample of participants from 39 nations, and they tested the model using widely used extraversion scales. Results of all studies indicate that only facets that reflect reward sensitivity load on a higher order extraversion factor and that this factor correlates strongly with pleasant affect. Although sociability is undoubtedly an important part of extraversion, these results suggest that extraverts' sociability may be a by-product of reward sensitivity, rather than the core feature of the trait.