Transfer of immunity to Trichinella spiralis from mother to offspring.
Transfer of immunity to Trichinella spiralis from mother to offspring.
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对旋毛虫的免疫力从母亲转移到后代。
DOI：
10.2307/3278364
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发表时间：
1974
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
R. Perry
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Perry
经2次感染活幼虫或注射抗原佐剂致敏的母鼠所生小鼠对旋毛虫有免疫力。3周龄时攻毒。这种免疫力在出生后第6周的幼鼠中减弱。实验表明，大部分免疫力是通过乳汁从母体传递给幼崽的，只有少量的免疫力是通过胎盘传递的。血清学试验表明，从感染的母亲，感染的母亲出生和哺乳的小鼠，和正常母亲出生的小鼠和感染的母亲养育的血清中收集的旋毛虫抗体凝集。被动皮肤过敏反应（PCA）试验阴性，这些血清。结果表明，幼鼠的免疫是被动地从致敏母体获得的，而不是由幼鼠主动产生的。提出了抗体介导的Arthus型超敏反应的假设。一些工作者观察到旋毛虫的免疫力从免疫母体转移到其后代。Mauss（1940）证明T.旋毛虫感染的大鼠、兔子和仓鼠比未感染对照组的后代对旋毛虫感染的敏感性低。卡伯特森（1943）指出，大鼠免疫力的传递是通过后代哺乳的乳汁介导的。很少或没有通过胎盘的免疫传递被认为发生。Duckett等人（1972年）最近报道，未受感染的母亲所生的小鼠在被旋毛虫免疫的母亲饲养时获得了对旋毛虫的免疫力，但当免疫母亲的窝仔被未受感染的母亲饲养时，没有观察到对成年旋毛虫的免疫驱逐。作者认为母乳中的抗体可能是乳鼠被动免疫的原因。本报告使用该部门的瑞士小鼠，描述了四项旨在确定旋毛虫免疫力是否从母亲传给后代的实验。该品系小鼠反复表现出对旋毛虫肠相的迟发（细胞）超敏反应;然而，接收出版日期为1973年8月20日。* 医学动物学系，沃尔特里德陆军研究所，华盛顿，D。C. 20012.用超免疫血清转移免疫的许多尝试都失败了（Larsh，1970）。材料和方法瑞士白色小鼠用于本研究期间的所有实验。自1943年以来，该品系一直作为随机远系繁殖群体在本部门饲养。T. 1936年从猪身上分离出螺旋体。在分离后的前7年，它在实验室大鼠中维持，此后一直在上述瑞士小鼠中维持。用于感染的幼虫获自感染约3个月的小鼠。Larsh和肯特（1949）描述了用于收集和标准化感染性接种物的技术，后来韦瑟利（1970）对其进行了修改。Larsh和肯特（1949）采用了挑战性感染后蠕虫的回收和计数方法。用于回收和计数幼虫的方法最初由Larsh和肯特（1949）描述。T.用于抗原制备的螺旋体幼虫通过前述技术从感染的小鼠中收集。将收集的幼虫在商业制备的生理溶液（TIS-U-SOL; Travenol Laboratories，Inc.）中洗涤。洗涤2次后，将幼虫在TIS-U-SOL中冷藏（4 ℃）过夜（约5.5ml TIS-U-SOL对0.5ml包装的幼虫）。在此期间之后，如Larsh等（1969）所述，从这些幼虫制备抗原。通过眼眶出血从小鼠中收集用于血清学试验的血液。将内径为0.047英寸、外径为0.067英寸的聚乙烯管切成3英寸长。将其中一根插入眶窦，并将血液收集在10 × 75 mm的塑料管中。试管保存在室温下。
Mice born of mothers that had been sensitized to Trichinella spiralis by 2 infections with living larvae or by antigen-adjuvant injections were immune to a T. spiralis challenge when 3 weeks old. This immunity waned in the young mice by the 6th week of life. Experiments suggested that most of the immunity was passed from the mother to the young through the milk, with only minor placental passage indicated. Serologic tests demonstrated agglutinating trichinella antibodies in the sera collected from infected mothers, mice born and nursed by infected mothers, and mice born of normal mothers and fostered by infected mothers. Passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) tests were negative with these sera. The results indicated that the immunity in the baby mice was passively acquired from the sensitized mother and not actively produced by the young. The hypothesis of an antibody-mediated Arthus-type hypersensitivity is suggested. Several workers have observed the transfer of immunity to Trichinella spiralis from immune mothers to their offspring. Mauss (1940) demonstrated that the offspring of T. spiralisinfected rats, rabbits, and hamsters were less susceptible to infection with trichinella than were the offspring of uninfected controls. Culbertson (1943) showed that the transmission of immunity in rats was mediated through the milk suckled by the offspring. Little or no transmission of immunity through the placenta was thought to occur. Duckett et al. (1972) recently reported that mice born of uninfected mothers acquired immunity to trichinella when fostered by trichinella-immune mothers, but when the litters from immune mothers were fostered by uninfected mothers, no immune expulsion of adult trichinella was observed. The authors suggested that antibodies in the mothers' milk may be responsible for the passive immunity in the suckling mice. The present report, using Swiss mice from this Department, describes four experiments designed to determine whether immunity to trichinella is passed from mothers to their offspring. This strain of mouse has repeatedly manifested delayed (cellular) hypersensitivity to the intestinal phase of trichinella; however, Received for publication 20 August 1973. * Department of Medical Zoology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D. C. 20012. many attempts to transfer immunity with hyperimmune sera have failed (Larsh, 1970). MATERIALS AND METHODS Swiss white mice were used for all experiments during this study. This strain has been maintained in this Department as a randomly outbred colony since 1943. The strain of T. spiralis was isolated originally from a pig in 1936. It was maintained in laboratory rats for the first 7 years after isolation, and since has been maintained in the abovedescribed Swiss mice. Larvae used for infection were obtained from mice infected approximately 3 months. The technique used for collecting and standardizing the infective inoculum was described by Larsh and Kent (1949) and later modified by Weatherly (1970). The methods for recovering and counting adult worms after a challenging infection were those used by Larsh and Kent (1949). The methods used for recovering and counting larvae were originally described by Larsh and Kent (1949). T. spiralis larvae used for antigen preparation were collected from infected mice by the technique described previously. The collected larvae were washed in commercially prepared physiologic soluion (TIS-U-SOL; Travenol Laboratories, Inc.). After 2 washings, the larvae were refrigerated (4 C) overnight in TIS-U-SOL (about 5.5 ml of TIS-U-SOL to 0.5 ml packed larvae). After this period, the antigen was prepared from these larvae as described by Larsh et al. (1969). Blood for serologic tests was collected from mice by orbital bleeding. Polyethylene tubing with an inside diameter of 0.047 and an outside diameter of 0.067 inch was cut into 3-inch lengths. One en of the tube was inserted into the orbital sinus, and the blood was collected in 10by 75-mm plastic tubes. The tubes were kept at room tem-