Moderate exercise is an antioxidant:: Upregulation of antioxidant genes by training
Moderate exercise is an antioxidant:: Upregulation of antioxidant genes by training
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DOI：
10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.02.001
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发表时间：
2008-01-15
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Vina, Jose
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gomez-Cabrera, Mari-Carmen;Domenech, Elena;Vina, Jose
运动只会导致氧化应激当耗尽。剧烈运动会导致谷胱甘肽氧化，胞质酶释放，以及其他细胞损伤的迹象。然而，越来越多的证据表明，活性氧（ROS）不仅具有毒性，而且在细胞信号传导和基因表达调控中起重要作用。黄嘌呤氧化酶参与产生与力竭运动有关的超氧化物。别嘌呤醇（这种酶的抑制剂）可以防止力竭运动后的肌肉损伤，但也可以改变与大鼠和人类中度和力竭运动相关的细胞信号通路。在大鼠腓肠肌中，运动引起MAP激酶的激活。这反过来又激活了NF-κ B通路，从而激活了与抵抗ROS（超氧化物歧化酶）和适应运动（eNOS和NOS）相关的重要酶的表达。当别嘌呤醇阻止ROS产生时，所有这些变化都被消除。因此，ROS在运动中起信号作用，因为减少它们的形成会阻止重要的信号通路的激活，这些信号通路会导致细胞中有用的适应。因为这些信号导致强大的抗氧化酶的上调，运动本身可以被认为是一种抗氧化剂。我们发现，用抗氧化剂干扰自由基代谢可能会妨碍训练的有效适应。(C)2007爱思唯尔公司All rights reserved.
Exercise causes oxidative stress only when exhaustive. Strenuous exercise causes oxidation of glutathione, release of cytosolic enzymes, and other signs of cell damage. However, there is increasing evidence that reactive oxygen species (ROS) not only are toxic but also play an important role in cell signaling and in the regulation of gene expression. Xanthine oxidase is involved in the generation of superoxide associated with exhaustive exercise. Allopurinol (an inhibitor of this enzyme) prevents muscle damage after exhaustive exercise, but also modifies cell signaling pathways associated with both moderate and exhaustive exercise in rats and humans. In gastrocnemius muscle from rats, exercise caused an activation of MAP kinases. This in turn activated the NF-kappa B pathway and consequently the expression of important enzymes associated with defense against ROS (superoxide dismutase) and adaptation to exercise (eNOS and NOS). All these changes were abolished when ROS production was prevented by allopurinol. Thus ROS act as signals in exercise because decreasing their formation prevents activation of important signaling pathways that cause useful adaptations in cells. Because these signals result in an upregulation of powerful antioxidant enzymes, exercise itself can be considered an antioxidant. We have found that interfering with free radical metabolism with antioxidants may hamper useful adaptations to training. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.