What is the optimal vitamin D status for health?
What is the optimal vitamin D status for health?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.003
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发表时间：
2006-09-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Vieth, Reinhold
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Vieth, Reinhold
最客观证实的与健康有关的晒黑原因是它改善了维生素D的状况。血清25-羟维生素D浓度（25（OH）D）是维生素D营养状况的量度。人类生物学可能是通过自然选择优化的，以保持血清25（OH）D高于100 nmol/L的阳光丰富的环境。这些水平现在只流行于那些在户外度过高于平均水平的时间的人，太阳高高地挂在天空中。维生素D充足性的最佳表征标准是基于随机临床试验，这些试验显示了骨折预防和骨矿物质密度的保持。根据这些研究，25（OH）D浓度应超过75 nmol/L。对于生活在温带气候中的人群，或者对于避免阳光照射的人，或者戴头巾的人，这个浓度接近25（OH）D参考（“正常”）范围的上限。官方规定的营养指南将强化食品和补充剂中的维生素D摄入量限制在25 mcg/天以下，客观上显示该剂量可使成人血清25（OH）D升高约25 nmol/L。目前的营养指南和目前的防晒建议的综合效果是确保遵循这些建议的成年人的25（OH）D浓度低于75 nmol/L。因此，避免UVB光的建议应该伴随着鼓励补充维生素D的数量，以纠正避免阳光照射引起的营养不足。(c)2006爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
The most objectively substantiated health-related reason for tanning is that it improves vitamin D status. The serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration (25(OH)D) is the measure of vitamin D nutrition status. Human biology was probably optimized through natural selection for a sun-rich environment that maintained serum 25(OH)D higher than 100 nmol/L. These levels are now only prevalent in people who spend an above-average amount of time outdoors, with the sun high in the sky. The best-characterized criteria for vitamin D adequacy are based on randomized clinical trials that show fracture prevention and preservation of bone mineral density. Based upon these studies, 25(OH)D concentrations should exceed 75 nmol/L. This concentration is near the upper end of the 25(OH)D reference ("normal") range for populations living in temperate climates, or for people who practice sun-avoidance, or who wear head coverings. Officially mandated nutrition guidelines restrict vitamin D intake from fortified food and supplements to less than 25 mcg/day, a dose objectively shown to raise serum 25(OH)D in adults by about 25 nmol/L. The combined effect of current nutrition guidelines and current sun-avoidance advice is to ensure that adults who follow these recommendations will have 25(OH)D concentrations lower than 75 nmol/L. Therefore, advice to avoid UVB light should be accompanied by encouragement to supplement with vitamin D in an amount that will correct for the nutrient deficit that sun-avoidance will cause. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.