Protest as a Political Resource
Protest as a Political Resource
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抗议作为政治资源
DOI：
--
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发表时间：
1968
影响因子：
6.8
通讯作者：
M. Lipsky
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Lipsky
在最近的美国政治中，相对无能为力的团体经常诉诸抗议活动，这表明抗议代表着少数群体和低收入群体政治的一个重要方面。与此同时，黑人民权战略家已经认识到将抗议作为一种有意义的政治工具的问题，与“反贫困战争”有关的团体也越来越多地因抗议活动而受到宣传。例如，索尔·阿林斯基的工业区基金会继续收到帮助组织低收入社区的邀请，因为它有能力动员穷人采取抗议策略。1967年夏天主导城市事务的骚乱似乎并没有减少一些团体对抗议作为一种政治活动方式的依赖。本文为抗议活动作为一种政治资源提供了一个理论视角。讨论集中于抗议所固有的限制，因为抗议领袖需要同时呼吁四个选区。由于抗议的概念是在这里发展起来的，人们会争辩说，抗议领导人必须培育和维持一个由他们可能拥有或可能不具有共同价值观的人组成的组织。他们必须阐明目标和选择战略，以便最大限度地通过传播媒体向公众敞开大门。他们必须最大限度地发挥第三方在政治冲突中的影响。最后，他们必须努力最大限度地增加那些有能力实现目标的人的成功机会。
The frequent resort to protest activity by relatively powerless groups in recent American politics suggests that protest represents an important aspect of minority group and low income group politics. At the same time that Negro civil rights strategists have recognized the problem of using protest as a meaningful political instrument, groups associated with the “war on poverty” have increasingly received publicity for protest activity. Saul Alinsky's Industrial Areas Foundation, for example, continues to receive invitations to help organize low income communities because of its ability to mobilize poor people around the tactic of protest. The riots which dominated urban affairs in the summer of 1967 appear not to have diminished the dependence of some groups on protest as a mode of political activity. This article provides a theoretical perspective on protest activity as a political resource. The discussion is concentrated on the limitations inherent in protest which occur because of the need of protest leaders to appeal to four constituencies at the same time. As the concept of protest is developed here, it will be argued that protest leaders must nurture and sustain an organization comprised of people with whom they may or may not share common values. They must articulate goals and choose strategies so as to maximize their public exposure through communications media. They must maximize the impact of third parties in the political conflict. Finally, they must try to maximize chances of success among those capable of granting goals.