Phylogeography of Heliconius cydno and its closest relatives: disentangling their origin and diversification
Phylogeography of Heliconius cydno and its closest relatives: disentangling their origin and diversification
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DOI：
10.1111/mec.12844
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发表时间：
2014-08-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Mcmillan, W. Owen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Arias, Carlos F.;Salazar, Camilo;Mcmillan, W. Owen
新热带地区异常多样性的起源长期以来一直吸引着生物学家和博物学家。然而，导致这种多样性的根本因素仍然存在争议。要测试的相对重要性，第四纪气候变化和新第三纪构造和古地理重组的生物多样性的产生，我们检查种内变化的Heliconius cydno辐射和比较这种变化的密切相关的Heliconius melpomene和Heliconius timareta辐射。我们的数据，其中包括近2250个扩增片段长度多态性（AFLP）位点的mtDNA和基因组扫描数据，揭示了一个复杂的历史的分化和混合在不同的地理尺度。线粒体DNA和AFLP的同源性都表明，H.timareta和H.cydno可能是同一辐射的地理极端，可能在上新世-更新世边界之前从H.melpomene发散出来，这与依赖于上新世地质事件的多样化假说一致。线粒体DNA表明，这种辐射起源于中美洲或南美洲的西北部地区，随后在安第斯山脉的东部和西部斜坡定居。我们的基因组扫描数据表明，在两种辐射的广泛地理范围内，同域分布的H.cydno/H.timareta和H.melpomene种群之间存在显著的混合。mtDNA和AFLP数据均表明，在红蜘蛛种群内，即使在相邻的红蜘蛛色纹小种之间，也存在明显的遗传差异。这些遗传模式突出了过去的地理气候事件，种内基因流，和当地人口分化的起源和建立新的适应形式的重要性。
The origins of the extraordinary diversity within the Neotropics have long fascinated biologists and naturalists. Yet, the underlying factors that have given rise to this diversity remain controversial. To test the relative importance of Quaternary climatic change and Neogene tectonic and paleogeographic reorganizations in the generation of biodiversity, we examine intraspecific variation across the Heliconius cydno radiation and compare this variation to that within the closely related Heliconius melpomene and Heliconius timareta radiations. Our data, which consist of both mtDNA and genome-scan data from nearly 2250 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) loci, reveal a complex history of differentiation and admixture at different geographic scales. Both mtDNA and AFLP phylogenies suggest that H.timareta and H.cydno are probably geographic extremes of the same radiation that probably diverged from H.melpomene prior to the Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary, consistent with hypotheses of diversification that rely on geological events in the Pliocene. The mtDNA suggests that this radiation originated in Central America or the northwestern region of South America, with a subsequent colonization of the eastern and western slopes of the Andes. Our genome-scan data indicate significant admixture among sympatric H.cydno/H.timareta and H.melpomene populations across the extensive geographic ranges of the two radiations. Within H.cydno, both mtDNA and AFLP data indicate significant population structure at local scales, with strong genetic differences even among adjacent H.cydno colour pattern races. These genetic patterns highlight the importance of past geoclimatic events, intraspecific gene flow, and local population differentiation in the origin and establishment of new adaptive forms.