Psychophysics and the judgment of price: Judging complex objects on a non-physical dimension elicits sequential effects like those in perceptual tasks
Psychophysics and the judgment of price: Judging complex objects on a non-physical dimension elicits sequential effects like those in perceptual tasks
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DOI：
10.1017/s1930297500000711
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发表时间：
2009-02
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
W. Matthews;Neil Stewart
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
W. Matthews;Neil Stewart
当心理物理学实验的参与者被要求估计或识别在单一物理维度上不同的刺激时，他们的判断受到当地实验背景的影响-在前一次试验中提出的项目和做出的判断。有人认为，类似的顺序效应发生在更自然的、真实世界的判断中。在三个实验中，我们要求参与者判断一系列物品的价格。在实验1中，判断偏向于以前的反应（同化），但远离前一个项目的真实价值（对比），一种模式，发现在心理物理学研究相匹配。在实验2A和2B中，我们操纵了反馈的提供和参与者的专业知识，发现反馈降低了先前判断的效果，并将先前物品的真实价格的效果从对比转移到同化。最后，在所有三个实验中，我们发现判断都偏向于范围的中心，这种现象在心理物理学中被称为“回归效应”。这些结果表明，最近提出的项目是当前判断的参考点。研究结果告知我们的理解的判断过程中，约束的解释，当地的背景效应提出的精神病学家，并进行实际的重要性，在现实世界中的情况下，背景偏见可能会降低判断的准确性。
When participants in psychophysical experiments are asked to estimate or identify stimuli which differ on a single physical dimension, their judgments are influenced by the local experimental context — the item presented and judgment made on the previous trial. It has been suggested that similar sequential effects occur in more naturalistic, real-world judgments. In three experiments we asked participants to judge the prices of a sequence of items. In Experiment 1, judgments were biased towards the previous response (assimilation) but away from the true value of the previous item (contrast), a pattern which matches that found in psychophysical research. In Experiments 2A and 2B, we manipulated the provision of feedback and the expertise of the participants, and found that feedback reduced the effect of the previous judgment and shifted the effect of the previous item's true price from contrast to assimilation. Finally, in all three experiments we found that judgments were biased towards the centre of the range, a phenomenon known as the “regression effect” in psychophysics. These results suggest that the most recently-presented item is a point of reference for the current judgment. The findings inform our understanding of the judgment process, constrain the explanations for local context effects put forward by psychophysicists, and carry practical importance for real-world situations in which contextual bias may degrade the accuracy of judgments.