Barcoded pyrosequencing reveals that consumption of galactooligosaccharides results in a highly specific bifidogenic response in humans.
Barcoded pyrosequencing reveals that consumption of galactooligosaccharides results in a highly specific bifidogenic response in humans.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0025200
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Hutkins RW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Davis LM;Martínez I;Walter J;Goin C;Hutkins RW
益生元是选择性发酵的成分，允许胃肠道微生物群的特定变化，为宿主带来健康益处。然而，益生元对人类肠道微生物群的影响是不完整的，因为大多数研究都依赖于无法覆盖细菌群落的方法。本研究的目的是使用16S rDNA标签的高通量多重社区测序，以获得益生元低聚半乳糖（GOS）对健康人类受试者粪便微生物群影响的社区视角。来自18名健康成年人的粪便样品先前是在喂养试验期间获得的，在该试验中，每个受试者食用含GOS的产品12周，其中GOS具有四个增加剂量（0、2.5、5和10克）。16S rDNA标签的多重测序显示，GOS诱导粪便微生物群的显著组成改变，主要是通过增加放线菌内生物体的丰度。具体而言，富集了双歧杆菌的几个不同谱系。在一半的受试者中，GOS的摄入导致双歧杆菌增加了5到10倍。也观察到厚壁菌门的增加，然而，这些变化仅在少数个体中可检测到。双歧杆菌的富集通常是以一类细菌（拟杆菌）为代价的。对GOS的反应和反应的幅度在个体之间变化，是可逆的，并且与剂量一致。双歧杆菌是唯一的细菌，一贯和显着丰富的GOS，虽然这种基板支持不同的结肠细菌在单一培养实验的增长。这些结果表明，GOS可用于富集具有显着特异性的人胃肠道中的生物合成细菌，并且在体内发生的GOS的生物合成特性是由选择性发酵以及肠道环境内的竞争性相互作用引起的。
Prebiotics are selectively fermented ingredients that allow specific changes in the gastrointestinal microbiota that confer health benefits to the host. However, the effects of prebiotics on the human gut microbiota are incomplete as most studies have relied on methods that fail to cover the breadth of the bacterial community. The goal of this research was to use high throughput multiplex community sequencing of 16S rDNA tags to gain a community wide perspective of the impact of prebiotic galactooligosaccharide (GOS) on the fecal microbiota of healthy human subjects. Fecal samples from eighteen healthy adults were previously obtained during a feeding trial in which each subject consumed a GOS-containing product for twelve weeks, with four increasing dosages (0, 2.5, 5, and 10 gram) of GOS. Multiplex sequencing of the 16S rDNA tags revealed that GOS induced significant compositional alterations in the fecal microbiota, principally by increasing the abundance of organisms within the Actinobacteria. Specifically, several distinct lineages of Bifidobacterium were enriched. Consumption of GOS led to five- to ten-fold increases in bifidobacteria in half of the subjects. Increases in Firmicutes were also observed, however, these changes were detectable in only a few individuals. The enrichment of bifidobacteria was generally at the expense of one group of bacteria, the Bacteroides. The responses to GOS and the magnitude of the response varied between individuals, were reversible, and were in accordance with dosage. The bifidobacteria were the only bacteria that were consistently and significantly enriched by GOS, although this substrate supported the growth of diverse colonic bacteria in mono-culture experiments. These results suggest that GOS can be used to enrich bifidobacteria in the human gastrointestinal tract with remarkable specificity, and that the bifidogenic properties of GOS that occur in vivo are caused by selective fermentation as well as by competitive interactions within the intestinal environment.