Digging for gold nuggets: uncovering novel candidate genes for variation in gastrointestinal nematode burden in a wild bird species.
Digging for gold nuggets: uncovering novel candidate genes for variation in gastrointestinal nematode burden in a wild bird species.
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挖掘金块：发现野生鸟类胃肠道线虫负担变异的新候选基因。
DOI：
10.1111/jeb.12614
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Wenzel MA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wenzel MA
在进化生物学中，基因型变异在多大程度上可以解释复杂表型中的变异是一个主要的争论。虽然一些高知名度的基因，如MHC或MC 1 R，显然可以解释生态相关性状的变化，但许多复杂的表型，如对寄生虫感染的反应，可能是由大量基因支撑的，每个基因的作用都很小，实际上无法检测到。在这里，我们描述了一套新的候选基因的变化胃肠道线虫（细毛圆线虫）负担之间的红鸡（Lagopus lagopus scotica）个人在苏格兰东北部的沼泽网络。我们测试寄生虫负载和基因型变异之间的关联，在12个基因先前确定为差异表达实验感染的红鸡或红鸡种群之间的遗传分化与整体不同的寄生虫负载。这些基因与包括免疫系统过程在内的广泛生理反应相关。基于个体水平的广义线性模型，9个基因的基因型变异与寄生虫负荷显著相关，效应量占每只鸟514-666只蠕虫的差异。除了一个变体之外，所有这些变体都是同义的或未翻译的，这表明这些变体可能与蛋白质编码变体有关或影响调控过程。相比之下，种群水平的分析显示与寄生虫负荷的关联很少且不一致，并且几乎没有自然选择的证据。我们讨论了更广泛的意义，这些对比结果的背景下，利用人口基因组学和景观基因组学方法在检测自适应基因组签名。
The extent to which genotypic variation ata prioriidentified candidate genes can explain variation in complex phenotypes is a major debate in evolutionary biology. Whereas some high‐profile genes such as the MHC or MC1R clearly do account for variation in ecologically relevant characters, many complex phenotypes such as response to parasite infection may well be underpinned by a large number of genes, each of small and effectively undetectable effect. Here, we characterize a suite of novel candidate genes for variation in gastrointestinal nematode (Trichostrongylus tenuis) burden among red grouse (Lagopus lagopus scotica) individuals across a network of moors in north‐east Scotland. We test for associations between parasite load and genotypic variation in twelve genes previously identified to be differentially expressed in experimentally infected red grouse or genetically differentiated among red grouse populations with overall different parasite loads. These genes are associated with a broad physiological response including immune system processes. Based on individual‐level generalized linear models, genotypic variants in nine genes were significantly associated with parasite load, with effect sizes accounting for differences of 514–666 worms per bird. All but one of these variants were synonymous or untranslated, suggesting that these may be linked to protein‐coding variants or affect regulatory processes. In contrast, population‐level analyses revealed few and inconsistent associations with parasite load, and little evidence of signatures of natural selection. We discuss the broader significance of these contrasting results in the context of the utility of population genomics and landscape genomics approaches in detecting adaptive genomic signatures.