The development of emotion expression during the first two years of life.
The development of emotion expression during the first two years of life.
复制标题
生命头两年情绪表达的发展。
DOI：
10.2307/1166153
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发表时间：
1989
影响因子：
9.5
通讯作者：
B. Shepard
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Malatesta;C. Culver;J. Tesman;B. Shepard
本研究以足月儿和早产儿为样本，考察了其在出生后头两年的情绪表达发展过程。58对母婴在婴儿2 1/2、5、7 1/2和22个月大时被拍摄下来，记录下面对面的互动，包括游戏和分离/团聚。这些磁带是使用Izard的面部情感编码系统以秒为单位进行编码的。数据分析集中于(1)22个月时表达行为的差异，作为风险状态、性别、依恋状态和早期母亲应急行为模式的函数；(2)特定情绪表达模式在评估期间的稳定性；以及(3)2岁时表达行为和依恋的安全性与早期情感交流质量的关系。母亲的权变行为(一般水平和具体的权变模式)似乎对情绪发展过程有实质性影响，出生状况和性别也是如此。早产儿一直到第二年都与不同的社会情绪发展有关，这与在语言和认知功能中观察到的“追赶效应”形成了鲜明对比。对依恋群体的离散情绪分析得出了沿着广泛的消极/积极维度的分化，但它也表明，不安全的依恋儿童可以表现为愤怒表达受到抑制。这项研究的结果是在婴儿情感发展的组织模型的框架内讨论的；依恋理论和离散情感方法被发现在社会情感发展过程中产生了不同但同样信息丰富的数据。
This study examines the course of emotion expression development over the first 2 years of life in a sample of full-term and preterm children. 58 mother/infant pairs were videotaped at infant ages of 2 1/2, 5, 7 1/2, and 22 months, recording face-to-face interaction involving play and separation/reunion sessions. The tapes were coded on a second-to-second basis using Izard's facial affect coding system. Data analysis focused on (1) differences in expressive behavior at 22 months as a function of risk status, gender, attachment status, and patterns of earlier maternal contingency behavior; (2) stability of specific emotional expressive patterns across assessment periods; and (3) the relation of expressive behavior and security of attachment at 2 years to qualities of earlier affective interchange. Mother's contingency behavior (both general level and specific contingency patterns) appeared to have a material effect on the course of emotional development, as did birth status and gender. Prematurity was associated with differential socioemotional development well into the second year, much in contrast to the "catch-up effect" observed in linguistic and cognitive functioning. Discrete emotions analysis of attachment groups yielded differentiation along a broad negative/positive dimension, but it also showed that insecurely attached children can be characterized as showing inhibited anger expression. The results of this study are discussed within the framework of organizational models of infant affective development; attachment theory and discrete emotions approaches were found to yield different yet equally informative data on the course of socioemotional development.