Development of formal hypothesis-testing ability.
Development of formal hypothesis-testing ability.
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发展正式的假设检验能力。
DOI：
10.1037/0012-1649.15.2.104
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发表时间：
1979
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
D. Moshman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Moshman
据推测，正式的操作假设检验能力至少包括三种认知能力：（a）蕴含理解，理解条件关系的能力； (b) 证伪策略，即认识到要检验一个假设，必须寻找可以证伪该假设的信息； (c) 非验证洞察力，即认识到假设并未得到支持数据的最终验证。 7 年级、10 年级和大学各 24 名男生评估了四种假设的蕴涵关系的数据描述，并选择了一个实验来检验每个假设。结果表明，假设检验能力发生了三个质变序列：（a）从对条件的无系统解释到蕴涵解释，（b）从基于内容的信息寻求到证伪策略，以及（c）从对称的真假概念到非验证洞察力。然而，正式的操作表现远非普遍，即使在大学生中也是如此。
It was postulated that formal operational hypothesis-testing ability includes at least three cognitive capacities: (a) implication comprehension, the ability to understand conditional relationships; (b) falsification strategy, the realization that to test a hypothesis, one must seek information that would falsify it; and(c) nonverification insight, the realization that hypotheses are not conclusively verified by supporting data. A total of 24 males in each of Grades 7, 10, and college evaluated data descriptions with respect to each of four hypothesized implication relationships and chose an experiment to test each hypothesis. Results suggested three sequences of qualitative change in hypothesis-test-ing ability: (a) from no systematic interpretation of conditionals to an implication interpretation, (b) from content-based information seeking to a falsification strategy, and (c) from a symmetrical conception of truth and falsity to a non-verification insight. However, formal operational performance was far from universal, even in college students.