8 Pathogenesis of Retrovirus-induced Disease
8 Pathogenesis of Retrovirus-induced Disease
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8 逆转录病毒引起的疾病的发病机制
DOI：
10.1101/087969132.10c.785
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发表时间：
1982
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
W. Hardy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
N. Teich;J. Wyke;T. Mak;A. Bernstein;W. Hardy
逆转录病毒感染表现出多种病理综合征。原病毒整合和持续存在的本质强调了病毒与宿主之间的密切相互关系，这种关系经常（但并非总是）导致疾病。虽然肿瘤一直是发病机制研究的重点，但逆转录病毒也会引发几种非恶性疾病，这些疾病是受感染宿主群体发病和死亡的重要原因。最常与逆转录病毒相关的疾病可分为四类：(1)恶性肿瘤；(2)虽不一定是肿瘤，但仍可能致命的增生性疾病；(3)贫血;(4)缓慢、散发性或慢性退行性疾病，有时类似于“自身免疫性”疾病，影响造血、神经和其他组织。肿瘤可根据组织或来源进一步分类：(1)肉瘤，产生于结缔组织（间充质）（如成纤维细胞、肌肉细胞和软骨细胞）；(2)由上皮组织（如乳腺上皮）产生的癌；(3)涉及造血系统细胞的白血病和淋巴瘤。大多数逆转录病毒诱导的肿瘤属于第三类，因此本章的一个部分专门用于对造血谱系的一般描述，使用小鼠作为模型系统。现在逆转录病毒的分子遗传学已经很好地建立起来，为了阐明在致病过程或肿瘤转化过程中发生的改变，了解正常分化的潜在细胞机制变得越来越重要。这类研究可以在两个层面进行：目标细胞……
I. INTRODUCTION Retroviral infections manifest a variety of pathological syndromes. The very nature of provirus integration and persistence emphasizes the close interrelationship between virus and host that often, but by no means always, results in disease. Although neoplasia has always been foremost in investigations of pathogenesis, retroviruses also elicit several kinds of nonmalignant diseases that represent significant causes of morbidity and mortality in infected host populations. The diseases most commonly associated with retroviruses can be divided into four groups: (1) malignant tumors; (2) proliferative diseases that, although not necessarily neoplastic, may nonetheless be fatal; (3) anemias; and (4) slow, sporadic or chronic, degenerative diseases sometimes resembling “autoimmune” disease, affecting hematopoietic, neural, and other tissues. Tumors can be further classified on the basis of the tissue or origin: (1) sarcomas, which arise from connective (mesenchymal) tissue (e.g., fibroblasts, muscle cells, and chondrocytes); (2) carcinomas, which arise from epithelial tissues (e.g., epithelia of mammary glands); and (3) leukemias and lymphomas, which involve cells of the hematopoietic system. The majority of retrovirus-induced tumors fall into this third category, and therefore one section of this chapter is devoted to a general description of the hematopoietic lineages, using the mouse as a model system. Now that the molecular genetics of retroviruses is well established, it has become increasingly important to understand the underlying cellular mechanisms involved in normal differentiation in order to elucidate the alterations that occur during the pathogenic process or neoplastic conversion. Such studies can be undertaken at two levels: the target cell...