Concentrations and emissions of airborne dust in livestock buildings in Northern Europe
Concentrations and emissions of airborne dust in livestock buildings in Northern Europe
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DOI：
10.1006/jaer.1997.0280
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发表时间：
1998-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Wathes, CM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Takai, H;Pedersen, S;Wathes, CM
在英国、荷兰、丹麦和德国对牛、猪和家禽建筑内的粉尘浓度和粉尘排放进行了现场调查。对329栋建筑进行了可吸入和可呼吸粉尘浓度测量。还测量了建筑物内外的二氧化碳浓度，以估计通风速度，以计算粉尘排放。粉尘浓度和排放受到房屋类型和动物种类的显著影响。可吸入和可呼吸粉尘总平均浓度，牛舍分别为0.38和0.07 mg/m(3)，猪舍分别为2.19和0.23 mg/m(3)，禽舍分别为3.60和0.45 mg/m(3)。建筑物的总平均可吸入和可呼吸粉尘排放量分别为110和19 mg/h牛，111和14 mg/h猪，12和2 mg/h鸟。以每500千克活重表示，牛分别为145和24毫克/小时；猪为762和85毫克/小时；家禽为3165和504毫克/小时。猪舍和禽舍内粉尘浓度冬季高于夏季。猪舍和禽舍的可吸入粉尘排放量夏季高于冬季。季节对猪舍和家禽舍可吸入粉尘释放率的影响较小，牛舍可吸入粉尘浓度白天高于夜间，但影响程度因国家而异。养猪建筑物白天的粉尘(可吸入和可呼吸的)浓度高于夜间。笼养蛋鸡的栖息地和建筑物白天的可吸入粉尘浓度高于夜间。然而，肉鸡舍内的粉尘浓度不受昼夜影响。肉鸡舍内、母鸡舍内、板条式断奶和肥育猪舍内的可吸入粉尘浓度高，令人关注畜牧员和动物的健康和生产性能。(C)1998年西尔索研究所。
Field surveys of dust concentrations within and dust emissions from cattle, pig and poultry buildings were conducted in England, the Netherlands, Denmark and Germany. Measurements of inhalable and respirable dust concentrations were made in 329 buildings. Concentrations of CO2 within and outside the buildings were also measured to estimate ventilation rates for dust emission calculations.Dust concentrations and emissions were affected significantly by housing type and animal species. Overall mean inhalable and respirable dust concentrations were 0.38 and 0.07 mg/m(3) in cattle buildings, 2.19 and 0.23 mg/m(3) in pig buildings, and 3.60 and 0.45 mg/m(3) in poultry buildings, respectively. Overall mean inhalable and respirable dust emission rates from the buildings were 110 and 19 mg/h bovine, 111 and 14 mg/h pig, and 12 and 2 mg/h bird, respectively. Expressed per 500 kg liveweight, the values become, respectively, 145 and 24 mg/h for cattle; 762 and 85 for pigs; and 3165 and 504 for poultry.Seasonal effects on dust concentrations in and emissions from cattle buildings were weak. Dust concentrations in pig and poultry buildings were higher in winter than summer. Inhalable dust emission rates from pig and poultry buildings were higher in summer than winter. Effects of season on respirable dust emission rates from pig and poultry buildings were small.Inhalable dust concentrations in cattle buildings were higher in the day than at night, but effects differed between countries. Pig buildings showed higher dust (both inhalable and respirable) concentrations in the day than at night. Percheries and buildings for caged layers showed higher inhalable dust concentrations in the day than at night. However, dust concentrations in broiler houses were not affected by day and night.The high concentrations of inhalable dust in broiler houses, in percheries for hens and in slatted weaner and fattener houses for pigs give cause for concern for both stockman and animal health and performance. (C) 1998 Silsoe Research Institute.