Offspring genes indirectly influence sibling and maternal behavioural strategies over resource share.
Offspring genes indirectly influence sibling and maternal behavioural strategies over resource share.
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2017.1059
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发表时间：
2017-09-27
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Hager R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ashbrook DG;Sharmin N;Hager R
家庭成员表现出预测最大化个人健身的行为策略。这些行为直接取决于焦点个体表达的基因，但也间接取决于其他家庭成员表达的基因。然而，兄弟姐妹和父母的行为策略是如何被家庭成员中表达的基因所改变的，以及在多大程度上，仍然不清楚。为了回答这个问题，我们使用了一个分裂的窝设计在一个实验人口的遗传变异小鼠家庭，并确定基因座，间接影响兄弟姐妹和母亲的行为同时。这些基因座映射到基因组区域，也显示出对后代行为的直接影响。直接和间接影响的性状显着相关的表型水平，说明间接影响是如何造成的。后代中影响恳求的遗传变异也影响了他们的兄弟姐妹和母亲的行为。然而，与兄弟姐妹竞争的预测相反，不相关的窝友受益于增加招标。总的来说，这种间接的遗传效应解释了行为中观察到的很大一部分变异，候选基因参与了神经元发育的代谢。这些结果表明，我们需要将行为策略视为所有相互作用的家庭成员中遗传变异的联合选择的结果。
Family members show behavioural strategies predicted to maximize individual fitness. These behaviours depend directly on genes expressed in focal individuals but also indirectly on genes expressed in other family members. However, how sibling and parental behavioural strategies are modified by genes expressed in family members, and to what degree, remains unclear. To answer this question, we have used a split litter design in an experimental population of genetically variable mouse families, and identified loci that indirectly affected sibling and maternal behaviour simultaneously. These loci map to genomic regions that also show a direct effect on offspring behaviour. Directly and indirectly affected traits were significantly correlated at the phenotypic level, illustrating how indirect effects are caused. Genetic variants in offspring that influence solicitation also impacted their siblings' and maternal behaviour. However, in contrast to predictions from sibling competition, unrelated litter mates benefited from increased solicitation. Overall, such indirect genetic effects explained a large proportion of variation seen in behaviours, with candidate genes involved in metabolism to neuronal development. These results reveal that we need to view behavioural strategies as the result of conjoint selection on genetic variation in all interacting family members.
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