Effects of dietary gallic acid on growth performance, diarrhea incidence, intestinal morphology, plasma antioxidant indices, and immune response in weaned piglets
Effects of dietary gallic acid on growth performance, diarrhea incidence, intestinal morphology, plasma antioxidant indices, and immune response in weaned piglets
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DOI：
10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114391
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发表时间：
2020-03-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Jiang, X. R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cai, L.;Li, Y. P.;Jiang, X. R.
本研究旨在评价饲粮中添加100、200和400 mg/kg没食子酸（GA）对断奶仔猪生长性能、腹泻发生率、肠道形态、血浆抗氧化指标和免疫功能的影响。对于4个实验处理中的每一个，将总共96头初始体重为8.40 kg的雄性断奶仔猪（25 +/-1日龄）分配到6个重复的畜栏中（每个畜栏4头仔猪）。在第21天，24头仔猪（1头仔猪/围栏）接受腹膜内脂多糖（LPS）注射。在LPS攻击前（0 h）和攻击后4 h采集血液样本，并在攻击后4 h屠宰仔猪采集小肠样本。日粮中添加GA对仔猪的生长性能没有影响（P > 0.05），但与对照组相比，添加400 mg/kg GA组仔猪腹泻发生率显著降低（P < 0.01）。在空肠中，100-400 mg/kg的GA显著提高了绒毛高度与隐窝深度的比值（P < 0.01），200和400 mg/kg的GA显著降低了隐窝深度（P < 0.01），100 mg/kg的GA显著提高了空肠绒毛高度（P < 0.01）。在回肠中，100 mg/kg的日粮GA增加了V：C比（P = 0.029）。注射LPS后，仔猪血浆中过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性显著降低（P < 0.01），丙二醛含量显著升高（P = 0.054），免疫球蛋白（IG）A、IgM、肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）-α和白细胞介素（IL）-8含量显著升高（P < 0.01）。但饮食对血浆抗氧化剂和免疫指标无影响（P > 0.05）。日粮GA线性增加回肠分泌伊加含量（P = 0.053）。此外，日粮中添加GA对TNF-α的表达呈线性影响（P < 0.01），添加400 mg/kg GA显著下调回肠粘膜TNF-α的表达（P < 0.01）。趋势分析显示，饮食GA补充对IL-6（P = 0.063）、NF-κ B1（P = 0.045）和RelA（P = 0.062）的回肠表达具有线性影响。总之，在基础日粮中添加GA 3000 mg ZnO/kg可减轻断奶后腹泻，保护肠道完整性，这可能归因于GA对肠道局部免疫反应的调节。我们的研究结果对开发新的策略以增强肠道健康和减少断奶仔猪腹泻具有重要意义。
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary gallic acid (GA) at 100, 200, or 400 mg/kg on growth performance, diarrhea incidence, intestinal morphology, plasma antioxidant indices, and immune response in weaned piglets. A total of 96 male weaned piglets (25 +/- 1 days of age) with an initial body weight of 8.40 kg were allocated into 6 replicated pens (4 piglets per pen) for each of the 4 experimental treatments. On day 21, 24 piglets (1 piglet/pen) received an intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. The blood samples were collected before (0 h) and 4 h after LPS challenge, and the piglets were slaughtered 4 h postchallenge to collect small intestinal samples. Dietary GA supplementation did not affect the growth performance of piglets (P > 0.05), but reduced diarrhea incidence was observed in piglets administered 400 mg/kg dietary GA compared with piglets fed a control diet (P < 0.01). In the jejunum, dietary GA at 100-400 mg/kg increased the ratio of villus height to crypt depth (P < 0.01), while dietary GA at 200 and 400 mg/kg reduced crypt depth (P < 0.01), and dietary GA at 100 mg/kg increased jejunum villus height (P < 0.01). In the ileum, dietary GA at 100 mg/kg increased the V:C ratio (P = 0.029). LPS injection reduced the activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase (P < 0.01) and increased the production of malondialdehyde (P = 0.054) and the contents of immunoglobulin (Ig) A, IgM, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and interleukin (IL)-8 (P < 0.01) in the plasma of piglets. However, there was no effect of diet on plasma antioxidant and immune indices (P > 0.05). Dietary GA linearly increased ileal secretory IgA content (P = 0.053). Moreover, dietary GA supplementation showed a linear effect on the expression TNF-alpha (P < 0.01); supplementation of 400 mg/kg GA significantly downregulated the expression of TNF-alpha in the ileal mucosa (P < 0.01). The trend analysis showed a linear effect of dietary GA supplementation on the ileal expression of IL-6 (P = 0.063), NF-kappa B1 (P = 0.045), and RelA (P = 0.062). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with GA in the basal diet contained 3000 mg ZnO/kg attenuated postweaning diarrhea and protected intestinal integrity, which may be attributed to the modulation of the intestinal local immune response by GA. Our results have implications for developing new strategies to enhance gut health and to decrease diarrhea in weaned piglets.