The Theory of Industrial Society and Cultural Schemata: Does the "Cultural Myth of Stigma" Underlie the WHO Schizophrenia Paradox?
The Theory of Industrial Society and Cultural Schemata: Does the "Cultural Myth of Stigma" Underlie the WHO Schizophrenia Paradox?
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DOI：
10.1086/683225
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发表时间：
2015-11
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Medina TR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pescosolido BA;Martin JK;Olafsdottir S;Long JS;Kafadar K;Medina TR
“更好预后假说”源于世界卫生组织的精神分裂症国际研究（ISoS）。尽管在西方有更多的可用性和复杂的治疗选择，精神分裂症似乎在“发展中”社会有一个更良性的过程和更好的结果。我们关注这一发现最常见的推论：从农业社会到工业社会的转变形成了文化现实的社会学概念的简化版本。发展中社会被视为传统的社会文化，既不发展也不支持对精神疾病患者存在于发达社会现代社会文化中的污名化态度和信念。利用全球背景下的耻辱-心理健康研究（SGC-MHS），我们形式化了“耻辱的文化神话”，将发展水平与不宽容、排斥和个人主义态度联系起来的命题。在17个国家中，我们没有发现对这种推论的支持。在记录了重大关联的地方，调查结果与预期相反：在更发达的社会中，公众报告的耻辱程度较低。对文化景观重新概念化的延伸也揭示了无效或相反的发现。这种对发展中社会文化背景的怀旧神话的纠正阻碍了错误的治疗、政策和减少耻辱感的努力。
The “Better Prognosis Hypothesis” stems from World Health Organization studies known as the International Studies of Schizophrenia (ISoS). Despite greater availability and sophistication of treatment options in the West, schizophrenia appears to have a more benign course and better outcomes in “developing” societies. We focus on this finding's most common corollary: a simplified version of sociological notions of cultural reality shaped by the transition from agrarian to industrial society. Developing societies are viewed as traditional, gemeinschaft cultures that neither develop nor endorse stigmatizing attitudes and beliefs about persons with mental illness that exist in modern, gesellschaft cultures of developed societies. Using the Stigma in Global Context-Mental Health Study (SGC-MHS), we formalize the “Cultural Myth of Stigma,” propositions linking level of development to intolerant, exclusionary, and individualistic attitudes. In 17 countries, we find no support for the corollary. Where significant associations are documented, the findings are opposite expectations: the public in more developed societies reports lower stigma levels. Extensions to reconceptualizations of the cultural landscape also reveal null or contrary findings. This correction to nostalgic myths of cultural context in developing societies thwarts misguided treatment, policy, and stigma-reduction efforts.