Insect pollinators show constancy for different flower traits between the most- and less-preferred plants: a case study of the long-proboscid tangle-veined fly
Insect pollinators show constancy for different flower traits between the most- and less-preferred plants: a case study of the long-proboscid tangle-veined fly
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昆虫传粉媒介在最受青睐和最不受青睐的植物之间表现出不同花性状的恒定性：长鼻蝇的案例研究
DOI：
10.1111/een.12870
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发表时间：
2020-04-16
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Du, Bo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gao, Li-Fang;Wang, Yu-Jie;Du, Bo
昆虫传粉者与其寄主植物的共同进化是自然选择的典型例子；然而，昆虫传粉者如何避免过度依赖一种特殊植物仍不清楚。由于大多数昆虫传粉者在表现出花朵恒定性时表现出饮食广度，因此确定昆虫授粉者最喜欢和最不喜欢的花朵的差异和相似性可能有助于理解它们在花朵恒定性和过度依赖之间的权衡。使用长鼻缠结脉蝇（Nemetrinus spp.）解决了这个问题。饮食调查表明，苍蝇对蓝翠雀的形态特征表现出恒定性，翠雀是这种线虫科苍蝇最喜欢的植物，具有蓝色、长管状的花朵。在颜色选择实验中，焦点个体表现出对白色的明显偏好，这是苍蝇在自然环境中不太喜欢的花朵的颜色。在气味选择实验中，焦点个体表现出明显偏爱蓝花和异叶青兰，但回避金花和大花。这表明，尽管长鼻蝇缠脉蝇可以以其他花朵为食，但只要它们不讨厌这种气味，就可以捕食其他花朵。长鼻蝇缠脉蝇似乎可以通过对最喜欢的植物的形态特征和不太喜欢的植物的气味和颜色表现出恒定性来最大限度地提高觅食效率。长鼻蝇缠脉蝇在选择花蜜来源时的权衡可能是对进化中过度依赖一种植物的风险的适应。
The coevolution of insect pollinators and their host plants is a typical example of natural selection; however, how insect pollinators avoid overdependence on one peculiar plant remains unclear. As most insect pollinators exhibit a diet breadth when showing flower constancy, determining the difference and similarity of most and less preferred flowers by insect pollinators may be helpful to understand their trade-off between flower constancy and overdependence.This was addressed using the long-proboscid tangle-veined fly (Nemetrinus spp.). Dietary investigation indicates that the flies show constancy for the morphological characteristic of the Delphinium caeruleum, which is the most preferred plant for this Nemestrinidae fly that has blue, long-tubed flowers.In a colour selection experiment, focal individuals showed obvious preference for white, which is the colour of less preferred flowers by the fly in the natural environment. In a scent selection experiment, focal individuals showed obvious preference for D. caeruleum and Dracocephalum heterophyllum but avoidance to Dasiphora fruticosa and Dasiphora davurica. This indicates that long-proboscid tangle-veined flies can forage on other flowers, despite the existing constancy for D. caeruleum, as long as they do not hate the scent. It seems that long-proboscid tangle-veined flies can maximise foraging efficiency by showing constancy for the morphological characteristic of the most preferred plant and for the scent and colour of less-preferred plants.The trade-off of long-proboscid tangle-veined flies in the selection of nectar sources may be an adaptation to the risk of overdependence on one plant in evolution.