Saxitoxin Poisoning in Green Turtles (Chelonia mydas) Linked to Scavenging on Mass Mortality of Caribbean Sharpnose Puffer Fish (Canthigaster rostrata-Tetraodontidae)
Saxitoxin Poisoning in Green Turtles (Chelonia mydas) Linked to Scavenging on Mass Mortality of Caribbean Sharpnose Puffer Fish (Canthigaster rostrata-Tetraodontidae)
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DOI：
10.3389/fvets.2019.00466
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发表时间：
2019-12-17
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Stacy, Brian A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Barrientos, Rocio Gonzalez;Hernandez-Mora, Gabriela;Stacy, Brian A.
鲀科鱼类是内源性河豚毒素（STXs）和食物源性石房蛤毒素（STXs）的潜在来源。其他脊椎动物摄入含有这些毒素的鱼组织可导致严重疾病和死亡。尖鼻鲀（Canthigaster rostrata）是一种广泛分布于大西洋西部的四齿亚目物种。大规模定居的青少年进入觅食栖息地已与大规模的河豚鱼死亡事件。在2013年，2014年和2017年，哥斯达黎加南部加勒比海岸的河豚死亡事件也与发现以C.有喙的搁浅的海龟被发现死亡没有明显的原因或活着与严重的神经系统症状，解决在短期内圈养。河豚鱼和海龟器官样本进行了分析TTX和STX。河豚毒素在鱼体内的浓度极低（0.5-0.7微克/克），在海龟胃内容物中检测不到。然而，整条鱼中的STX浓度（16.6-47.5微克STX-mug/g）超过了0.8微克STX-eq/g人类海产品STX安全阈值的数量级。在三只受影响海龟的胃内容物（摄入的鱼）、脑、肺、肾和血清样本中也检测到石房蛤毒素。研究结果表明，石房蛤的机会性觅食可导致石房蛤中毒。在鱼类死亡事件期间，长喙类可能是该区域绿色海龟偶发性搁浅的一个重要因素。
Fish within the family Tetraodontidae are potential sources of both endogenous tetrodotoxins (STXs) and dietary derived saxitoxins (STXs). Ingestion of fish tissues containing these toxins by other vertebrates can lead to severe illness and death. The Caribbean sharpnose puffer (Canthigaster rostrata) is a widespread tetraodontid species within the western Atlantic. Mass settlement of juveniles into foraging habitats have been associated with large-scale puffer fish mortality events. In 2013, 2014, and 2017, puffer mortality events on the southern Caribbean coast of Costa Rica were also associated with strandings of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) found to have fed on C. rostrata. Stranded sea turtles were found dead without apparent cause or alive with severe neurological signs that resolved during short periods of captivity. Puffer fish and turtle organ samples were analyzed for both TTXs and STXs. Concentrations of TTXs were extremely low in the fish (0.5-0.7 mu g/g) and undetectable in turtle stomach contents. However, concentrations of STXs in whole fish (16.6-47.5 mu g STX-mu g/g) exceeded the 0.8 mu g STX-eq/g human seafood safety threshold for STXs by orders of magnitude. Saxitoxins were also detected in samples of stomach contents (ingested fish), brain, lung, kidney, and serum from three affected turtles. Study results indicate that saxitoxicosis resulting from opportunistic foraging on C. rostrata during fish mortality events may be a significant factor in episodic stranding of green sea turtles in this region.