Olyset Net® efficacy against pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles gambiae and Culex quinquefasciatus after 3 years' field use in Cote d'Ivoire
Olyset Net® efficacy against pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles gambiae and Culex quinquefasciatus after 3 years' field use in Cote d'Ivoire
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1365-2915.2001.00284.x
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发表时间：
2001-03-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Carnevale, P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
N'Guessan, R;Darriet, F;Carnevale, P
提倡使用拟除虫菊酯浸泡的蚊帐，以保护个人免受疟疾媒介的侵袭。为了避免需要定期重新处理，拥有能保持多年杀虫效果并经得起反复洗涤的蚊帐将是有利的。在聚乙烯纤维中加入2%氯氰菊酯的这种商业化生产的蚊帐(商标为Olyset Net(R)，由日本大阪Sumika Life-Tech Co.提供)通过标准的WHOPES第二阶段程序在科特迪瓦布瓦凯附近的Yaokoffikro的阳台捕蚊器小屋中进行了蚊子灭蚊评估。将四种Olyset网与一种标准的未经处理的涤纶网进行比较。它们包括三个以前在一个村庄使用了三年多的样本(一个洗过，一个脏了，一个很脏)和一个以前没有使用过的Olyset网，新打开的，来自同一原始批次。对易感冈比亚按蚊(双翅目：蚊科)暴露3分钟的生物测定表明，在新的Olyset蚊帐上测试的雌性蚊子的死亡率为99%。使用过的Olyset蚊帐显示，清洗蚊帐的死亡率平均为83%，脏蚊帐的死亡率为85%，极脏蚊帐的死亡率为55%(在暴露3分钟后的24小时内)。因此，Olyset Net被发现对敏感的ART仍然非常有效。冈比亚在野外条件下至少3年。野生致倦库蚊种群对拟除虫菊酯的抗性。冈比亚(稀树草原细胞型，96%kdr)在1999年6-8月期间对实验小屋中用网保护的睡眠者的反应进行了评估。关于觅食雌性蚊子进入小屋的问题，Olyset蚊帐对蚊子有一定的阻吓作用。冈比亚线虫(新蚊帐减少44%，脏蚊帐减少20%，洗净的蚊帐没有减少)，但对CX没有影响。[医]五倍子属在未经处理的蚊帐进入小屋的蚊子中，30-34%的蚊子试图离开(外来的)，但被阳台诱捕器捕获。蚊虫对二氯苯醚菊酯的驱避效果提高了19%。冈比亚吸虫和CX吸虫占14%。[医]五倍子属喂血率为16%。冈比亚和35%Cx.在有卧铺的小屋里，未处理的蚊帐下(表现出相当大的防止叮咬)，两种小屋中都有22-26%的物种使用过清洗或肮脏的Olyset蚊帐(与对照没有显著差异)，而CX的叮咬成功率。Ququiefasciatus(但不是kdran)冈比亚)被新的Olyset网减少了一半以上。拟除虫菊酯抗性按蚊的死亡率。冈比亚亚纲和Cx.未处理的涤纶网分别为3%和8%，新的Olyset分别为27.5%和17%，清洗的Olyset分别为15%和17.5%，肮脏的旧Olyset网分别为16%~25%和17%~20%。两种蚊帐之间的杀灭差异显著不同。冈比亚亚纲和Cx.[医]五倍子属不幸的是，清洗过的使用过的Olyset蚊帐对抗药性蚊子的活性最低，尽管它对敏感的蚊子有最大的活性。冈比亚亚目。在每个案例中，都有证据表明，有很高比例的蚊子未能通过蚊帐进食(其中许多蚊子在无法离开关闭的小屋时饿死)，并有迹象表明，肮脏的Olyset蚊帐增强了这种保护价值。
Pyrethroid-impregnated bednets are advocated for personal protection against malaria vectors. To avoid the need for periodic re-treatment, it would be advantageous to have nets that retain insecticidal efficacy for years and withstand repeated washing. Such a type of commercially produced bednet with permethrin 2% incorporated in polyethylene fibres (trademark Olyset Net(R) supplied by Sumika Life-Tech Co., Osaka, Japan) was evaluated against mosquitoes in veranda-trap huts at Yaokoffikro, near Bouake, Gate d'Ivoire, by standard WHOPES phase II procedures. Four Olyset Nets were compared with a standard untreated polyester net as control. They comprised three examples previously used in a village for over 3 years (one washed, one dirty, one very dirty) and a previously unused Olyset Net, newly unwrapped, from the same original batch. Bioassays with 3 min exposure of susceptible Anopheles gambiae Giles (Diptera: Culicidae) gave >99% mortality of female mosquitoes tested on the 'new' Olyset Net. The used Olyset Nets gave mortality rates averaging 83% for the washed net, 85% for the dirty net and 55% for the very dirty net (within 24-h following 3 min exposure). Thus, Olyset Nets were found to remain remarkably effective against susceptible Art. gambiae for at least 3 years under field conditions.Wild pyrethroid-resistant populations of Culex quinquefasciatus Say and An. gambiae (savanna cytotype with 96% kdr) were assessed during June-August 1999 for their responses to sleepers protected by nets in the experimental huts. With regard to hut entry by foraging female mosquitoes, Olyset Nets showed some deterrency against An. gambiae (44% reduction by the new net, similar to 20% by the dirty nets, none by the washed net), but not against Cx. quinquefasciatus. Among mosquitoes entering the hut with untreated control net, 30-34% tried to leave (exophily) but were caught in the verandah trap. The permethrin repellency of Olyset Nets increased exophily by 19% for An. gambiae and 14% for Cx. quinquefasciatus. Blood-feeding rates were 16% An. gambiae and 35% Cx. quinquefasciatus in the hut with sleeper under the untreated net (showing considerable prevention of biting), 22-26% of both species in huts with washed or dirty used Olyset Nets (not significantly different from control), while the biting success rate of Cx. quinquefasciatus (but not kdr An. gambiae) was more than halved by the 'new' Olyset Net. Mortality rates of pyrethroid-resistant An. gambiae and Cx. quinquefasciatus from the huts were, respectively, 3% and 8% with the untreated polyester net, 27.5% and 17% with the 'new' Olyset, 15% and 17.5% with the washed Olyset, 16-25% and 17-20% with dirty old Olyset Nets. Kill differences between nets are significantly different for both An. gambiae and Cx. quinquefasciatus. Unfortunately the washed used Olyset Net showed least activity against resistant mosquitoes, despite its greatest activity against susceptible An. gambiae. In each case there was evidence that a high proportion of mosquitoes failed to feed through the net (many of them dying from starvation when they could not leave the closed hut), with indications that dirty Olyset nets enhanced this protective value.