The Venus Flytrap Dionaea muscipula Counts Prey-Induced Action Potentials to Induce Sodium Uptake.
The Venus Flytrap Dionaea muscipula Counts Prey-Induced Action Potentials to Induce Sodium Uptake.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2015.11.057
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发表时间：
2016-02-08
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Hedrich R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Böhm J;Scherzer S;Krol E;Kreuzer I;von Meyer K;Lorey C;Mueller TD;Shabala L;Monte I;Solano R;Al-Rasheid KA;Rennenberg H;Shabala S;Neher E;Hedrich R
肉食性植物，如捕蝇草(Dionaea Muscipula)，在养分贫乏的土壤中生长时，依赖动物饲料。当昆虫访问捕捉器并倾斜内表面的机械传感器时，动作电位(AP)就会被激发。在一个移动的物体引发两个AP后，陷阱卡住了，包围了受害者。惊慌失措的猎物在接下来的几个小时里反复触摸触发器的毛发，导致一个封闭的陷阱，通过基于腺体的内分泌系统，被一种分解猎物的酸性酶鸡尾酒淹没。在这里，我们提出的问题是，必须刺激多少次触发毛发(例如，现在需要许多AP)，捕蝇器才能将包裹的物体识别为潜在的食物，从而使激活腺体变得值得。通过一系列的触发毛发刺激，我们发现触觉激素茉莉酸(JA)信号通路在第二次刺激后被激活，而触发编码猎物降解水解酶的基因的表达需要三个以上的AP，并且这种表达与机械刺激的次数成正比。腐烂的动物含有钠负载，我们发现这些钠离子通过腺体进入捕获器官。我们发现捕蝇器钠通道DmHKT1负责这一钠的获得，表达的转录本的数量取决于机械-电刺激的数量。因此，受害者在试图冲出陷阱时触发的AP的数量表明，移动中的猎物是一种挣扎的富含Na+的动物和植物的营养。食肉Dionaea muscipula通过机械传感器刺激捕获和处理富含营养和钠的猎物，识别、捕获和处理动物粉，机械电波诱导JA信号通路触发猎物消化刺激数量控制消化酶和摄取模块的产生儿童在15-18个月大时就能数数了。在这项工作中，Böhm等人。证明肉食性捕蝇草也能计数。叶尖发育成捕捉陷阱，猎物与机械敏感陷阱的接触数量启动了对动物受害者的捕获和处理。
Carnivorous plants, such as the Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula), depend on an animal diet when grown in nutrient-poor soils. When an insect visits the trap and tilts the mechanosensors on the inner surface, action potentials (APs) are fired. After a moving object elicits two APs, the trap snaps shut, encaging the victim. Panicking preys repeatedly touch the trigger hairs over the subsequent hours, leading to a hermetically closed trap, which via the gland-based endocrine system is flooded by a prey-decomposing acidic enzyme cocktail. Here, we asked the question as to how many times trigger hairs have to be stimulated (e.g., now many APs are required) for the flytrap to recognize an encaged object as potential food, thus making it worthwhile activating the glands. By applying a series of trigger-hair stimulations, we found that the touch hormone jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway is activated after the second stimulus, while more than three APs are required to trigger an expression of genes encoding prey-degrading hydrolases, and that this expression is proportional to the number of mechanical stimulations. A decomposing animal contains a sodium load, and we have found that these sodium ions enter the capture organ via glands. We identified a flytrap sodium channel DmHKT1 as responsible for this sodium acquisition, with the number of transcripts expressed being dependent on the number of mechano-electric stimulations. Hence, the number of APs a victim triggers while trying to break out of the trap identifies the moving prey as a struggling Na+-rich animal and nutrition for the plant. Carnivorous Dionaea muscipula captures and processes nutrient- and sodium-rich prey Via mechano-sensor stimulation, an animal meal is recognized, captured, and processed Mechano-electrical waves induce JA signaling pathways that trigger prey digestion Number of stimulations controls the production of digesting enzymes and uptake modules Children are able to count at the age of 15–18 months. In this work, Böhm et al. demonstrate that the carnivorous Venus flytrap plant is able to count as well. The leaf tips develop into snap traps, where the number of contacts of the prey with mechano-sensitive trap initiates capturing and processing of the animal victim.