European Industrial Energy Intensity: Innovation, Environmental Regulation, and Price Effects
European Industrial Energy Intensity: Innovation, Environmental Regulation, and Price Effects
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DOI：
10.5547/01956574.41.4.vaja
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发表时间：
2020-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Reiner, David
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ajayi, Victor;Reiner, David
我们调查了1995-2009年间17个欧盟国家的技术创新和其他影响工业能源强度的因素的直接作用。我们开发了一个创新的行业级专利数据集，并发现了令人信服的证据，表明专利存量对工业能源强度产生了负面影响。特别是，我们发现专利存量对能源密集型行业的影响要强得多，估计系数为-0.138，几乎是非能源密集型行业的两倍(估计为-0.085)。虽然我们的结果表明，能源价格仍然是能源强度的主要决定因素，但与欧盟排放交易计划涵盖的其他能源密集型行业相比，在样本期内不在欧盟排放交易计划(ETS)覆盖范围内的化学工业似乎更容易受到能源价格的影响。探讨碳税的地区差异，我们发现，由于1990年代初在整个北欧国家实施的碳税政策，北欧的能源强度显著下降。
We investigate the direct role of technological innovation and other factors influencing industrial energy intensity across 17 EU countries over 1995-2009. We develop an innovative industry-level patent dataset and find compelling evidence that patent stock negatively influences industrial energy intensity. In particular, we find a much stronger effect of patent stock on energy-intensive industries with an estimated coefficient of -0.138 which almost double that of less energy-intensive industries (estimated at -0.085). While our results show that energy price remains the major determinant of energy intensity, the chemicals industry, which is not covered by the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) during the sample period, appears more susceptible to energy prices relative to other energy-intensive industries that are covered by the EU ETS. Exploring regional differences in carbon taxation, we find a significant decline in energy intensity in Northern Europe owing to the carbon tax policy implemented in the early 1990s across the Nordic countries.