Mobile Assessment of Acute Effects of Marijuana on Cognitive Functioning in Young Adults: Observational Study
Mobile Assessment of Acute Effects of Marijuana on Cognitive Functioning in Young Adults: Observational Study
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DOI：
10.2196/16240
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发表时间：
2020-03-10
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Dey, Anind K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chung, Tammy;Bae, Sang Won;Dey, Anind K.
背景：在自然环境中对急性大麻对认知功能的影响进行移动评估将提供一种关于吸食大麻对日常功能影响的生态学有效测量。目的：本研究旨在考察报告的急性主观高大麻(评分0-10)与测量视觉空间工作记忆的3项移动认知任务(Flowers任务)、对大麻相关线索的注意偏差(大麻Stroop)以及信息加工和心理运动速度(数字符号替代任务[DSST])的关系。方法：通过广告和参与者登记在宾夕法尼亚州匹兹堡招募每周至少两次吸食大麻的年轻人(年龄18-25岁；37/60，女性62%)。电话调查和移动认知任务每天进行3次，并在开始使用大麻时自行发起。电话调查的完成触发了认知任务的交付。参与者完成了长达30天的每日数据收集。多水平模型检验了主观大麻高的评分(评分0-10)与每项认知任务的表现(反应时和正确回答数)之间的关系，并测试了移动任务会话期间的分心次数(评分0-4)，作为主观大麻高评分与任务绩效之间的调节变量。结果：参与者提供了2703个数据点，代表了451份报告(451/2703，16.7%)。与急性吸食大麻的轻微损害效果一致，主观大麻兴奋的平均评分的增加与所有三个任务--鲜花(B=2.29；SE 0.86；P=.008)、大麻Stroop(B=2.74；SE 1.09；P=.01)和DSST(B=3.08；SE 1.41；P=0.03)--以及对鲜花(B=-0.03；SE 0.01；P=.01)和DSST(B=-0.18；SE 0.07；P=.01)，但不是大麻Stroop(P=.45)。分散注意力作为调节因素的结果只对某些认知任务和结果有统计学意义。具体地说，正如假设的那样，一个人报告的平均分心次数缓和了主观大麻高评分(高于一节课的评分)与对大麻Stroop的反应时间(B=-52.93；SE19.38；P=.006)和对大麻Stroop的正确反应次数(B=-109.72；SE42.50；P=.01)以及对大麻Stroop的正确回答数(B=-0.22；SE0.10；P=0.02)和对大麻的正确回答(B=4.62；SE1.81；结论：青壮年在自然环境中的移动认知任务表现与急性主观大麻高评分相关，与认知功能轻微下降相一致。实时监测自然环境中的认知功能有望提供即时反馈，指导个人决策。
Background: Mobile assessment of the effects of acute marijuana on cognitive functioning in the natural environment would provide an ecologically valid measure of the impacts of marijuana use on daily functioning.Objective: This study aimed to examine the association of reported acute subjective marijuana high (rated 0-10) with performance on 3 mobile cognitive tasks measuring visuospatial working memory (Flowers task), attentional bias to marijuana-related cues (marijuana Stroop), and information processing and psychomotor speed (digit symbol substitution task [DSST]). The effect of distraction as a moderator of the association between the rating of subjective marijuana high and task performance (ie, reaction time and number of correct responses) was explored.Methods: Young adults (aged 18-25 years; 37/60, 62% female) who reported marijuana use at least twice per week were recruited through advertisements and a participant registry in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Phone surveys and mobile cognitive tasks were delivered 3 times per day and were self-initiated when starting marijuana use. Completion of phone surveys triggered the delivery of cognitive tasks. Participants completed up to 30 days of daily data collection. Multilevel models examined associations between ratings of subjective marijuana high (rated 0-10) and performance on each cognitive task (reaction time and number of correct responses) and tested the number of distractions (rated 0-4) during the mobile task session as a moderator of the association between ratings of subjective marijuana high and task performance.Results: Participants provided 2703 data points, representing 451 reports (451/2703, 16.7%) of marijuana use. Consistent with slight impairing effects of acute marijuana use, an increase in the average rating of subjective marijuana high was associated with slower average reaction time on all 3 tasks-Flowers (B=2.29; SE 0.86; P=.008), marijuana Stroop (B=2.74; SE 1.09; P=.01), and DSST (B=3.08; SE 1.41; P=.03)-and with fewer correct responses for Flowers (B=-0.03; SE 0.01; P=.01) and DSST (B=-0.18; SE 0.07; P=.01), but not marijuana Stroop (P=.45). Results for distraction as a moderator were statistically significant only for certain cognitive tasks and outcomes. Specifically, as hypothesized, a person's average number of reported distractions moderated the association of the average rating of subjective marijuana high (over and above a session's rating) with the reaction time for marijuana Stroop (B=-52.93; SE 19.38; P=.006) and DSST (B=-109.72; SE 42.50; P=.01) and the number of correct responses for marijuana Stroop (B=-0.22; SE 0.10; P=.02) and DSST (B=4.62; SE 1.81; P=.01).Conclusions: Young adults' performance on mobile cognitive tasks in the natural environment was associated with ratings of acute subjective marijuana high, consistent with slight decreases in cognitive functioning. Monitoring cognitive functioning in real time in the natural environment holds promise for providing immediate feedback to guide personal decision making.