High-performance lithium battery anodes using silicon nanowires
High-performance lithium battery anodes using silicon nanowires
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DOI：
10.1038/nnano.2007.411
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发表时间：
2008-01-01
影响因子：
38.3
通讯作者：
Cui, Yi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chan, Candace K.;Peng, Hailin;Cui, Yi
人们对开发具有更高能量容量和更长循环寿命的可充电锂电池非常感兴趣，用于便携式电子设备、电动车辆和植入式医疗设备（1）。硅是锂电池的一种有吸引力的阳极材料，因为它具有低放电电位和已知的最高理论充电容量（4，200 mAh g（-1）;参考文献2）。虽然这比现有的石墨阳极高十倍以上，并且比各种氮化物和氧化物材料大得多（3，4），但硅阳极的应用有限（5），因为硅的体积在锂的插入和提取时变化400%，这导致粉碎和容量衰减（2）。在这里，我们表明，硅纳米线电池电极规避这些问题，因为它们可以适应大的应变而不粉碎，提供良好的电子接触和导电，并显示短的锂插入距离。我们实现了硅阳极的理论充电容量，并保持了接近该最大值的75%的放电容量，在循环过程中几乎没有衰减。
There is great interest in developing rechargeable lithium batteries with higher energy capacity and longer cycle life for applications in portable electronic devices, electric vehicles and implantable medical devices(1). Silicon is an attractive anode material for lithium batteries because it has a low discharge potential and the highest known theoretical charge capacity (4,200 mAh g(-1); ref. 2). Although this is more than ten times higher than existing graphite anodes and much larger than various nitride and oxide materials(3,4), silicon anodes have limited applications(5) because silicon's volume changes by 400% upon insertion and extraction of lithium, which results in pulverization and capacity fading(2). Here, we show that silicon nanowire battery electrodes circumvent these issues as they can accommodate large strain without pulverization, provide good electronic contact and conduction, and display short lithium insertion distances. We achieved the theoretical charge capacity for silicon anodes and maintained a discharge capacity close to 75% of this maximum, with little fading during cycling.