Ranging behavior of Mahale chimpanzees: a 16 year study
Ranging behavior of Mahale chimpanzees: a 16 year study
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马哈勒黑猩猩的测距行为：一项为期 16 年的研究
作者：
Nakamura M;Corp N;Fujimoto M;Fujita S. Hanamura S;Hayaki H;Hosaka K;Huffman MA;Inaba A;Inoue E;Itoh N;Kutsukake N;Kiyono-Fuse M;Kooriyama T;Marchant LF;Matsuaoto-Oda A;Matsusaka T;McGrew WC;Mitani JC;Nishie H;Norikoshi K;Sakamaki T;Sh
我们分析了坦桑尼亚马哈勒山国家公园中黑猩猩Mimikire群(M群)的测距模式。在16年的时间里，黑猩猩的活动总面积分别为25.2或27.4万平方公里，分别由网格单元和最小凸多边形法估计。每年，M组平均使用18.4平方公里，约占总牧场面积的70%。黑猩猩在5年后使用了它们总栖息地的80%，11年后使用了95%。M组黑猩猩一半以上的时间是在只占它们总栖息地范围的15%的地区观察到的。因此，它们通常会在有限的区域内活动，偶尔才会访问它们活动范围内的其他部分。平均而言，黑猩猩每月使用7.6亿平方公里(按MCP计算)。月平均极差大小在雨季末期最小，旱季末期最大，但年际变化较大。黑猩猩每年都会使用许多相同的区域，当时沙棘果实在8月至1月期间盛产。相比之下，黑猩猩在6月份使用了它们活动范围的几个不同区域。在这里，年份之间的范围重叠相对较小。在16年的研究中，我们发现M组减少了对其活动范围北部的使用，并增加了对其家园东部山区的访问频率。家域大小的变化与成年雌性的数量呈正相关，但与成年雄性的数量无关。这一发现不支持对一些东非黑猩猩单位群提出的雄性保卫领土模型的预测。
We have analyzed the ranging patterns of the Mimikire group (M group) of chimpanzees in the Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania. During 16 years, the chimpanzees moved over a total area of 25.2 or 27.4 km2, as estimated by the grid-cell or minimum convex polygon (MCP) methods, respectively. Annually, the M group used an average of 18.4 km2, or approximately 70 %, of the total home-range area. The chimpanzees had used 80 % of their total home range after 5 years and 95 % after 11 years. M group chimpanzees were observed more than half of the time in areas that composed only 15 % of their total home range. Thus, they typically moved over limited areas, visiting other parts of their range only occasionally. On average, the chimpanzees used 7.6 km2(in MCP) per month. Mean monthly range size was smallest at the end of the rainy season and largest at the end of the dry season, but there was much variability from year to year. The chimpanzees used many of the same areas every year whenSabacomorensisfruits were abundant between August and January. In contrast, the chimpanzees used several different areas of their range in June. Here range overlap between years was relatively small. Over the 16 years of the study we found that the M group reduced their use of the northern part of their range and increased their frequency of visits to the eastern mountainous side of their home range. Changes in home-range size correlated positively with the number of adult females but not with the number of adult males. This finding does not support a prediction of the male-defended territory model proposed for some East African chimpanzee unit-groups.