The English Rhythm Rule as an accent deletion rule
The English Rhythm Rule as an accent deletion rule
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作为重音删除规则的英语节奏规则
DOI：
10.1017/s0952675700001263
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发表时间：
1991
期刊：
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
C. Gussenhoven
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Gussenhoven
为了解释英语的重音和节奏结构，假设了一个二元分支的韵律组成结构，其中音节和脚最少必须是头。脚可能被标记为重音。这种表示可以描述由三个重音删除规则（复合规则、初始重音删除规则和节奏规则）产生的单词组的突出模式。结果表明，重音缺失所引起的结构变化不能用理论来表达，因为理论认为重音是一个相对的概念。此外，这条规则和复合规则一样也是一条词汇规则，它证明了英语词汇音韵学中存在一个分层，在这个分层中发生复合和所谓的分类派生。节奏规则是一个后词法规则，它被证明适用于其他两个规则的输出。在没有任何条件或约束的情况下，它毫不费力地解释了最近文献中提出的应力位移数据。此外，可以证明，在无重音语音（节奏规则不适用的情况下）中明显的重音移位实际上根本不应被视为任何重音移位规则的输出，而应被解释为应用于韵律层次中不同成分的边界前延长的效果。有人认为，在对句子重音的分析中，重点成分必须被分配口音，这可能会遇到在“去重音”分析中不存在的问题，在“去重音”分析中，非重点成分被剥夺了口音。最后，有人认为，与荷兰语不同，英语缺乏涉及主要单词重音的语音规则，而且，最多，主要重音可能在低水平的时间区分中显示出来。
In order to account for the accentual and rhythmical structure of English, a binary-branching prosodic constituent structur is assumed, in which minimally the syllable and the foot must be headed. Feet are potentially marked as accented. This representation makes it possible to describe the prominence patterns of word groups as resulting from three accent deletion rules, the Compound Rule, the Initial Accent Deletion Rule and the Rhythm Rule. It was shown that the structural change effected by Initial Accent Deletion cannot be expressed in theories which represent stress as a relative concept. Moreover, this rule, which like the Compound rule is a lexical rule, provided evidence for the existence of a stratum in the lexical phonology of English in which compounding and so-called ClassII derivation take place. The Rhythm Rule is a postlexical rule, which was shown to apply to the output of the other two rules. Without the aid of any conditions or constraints, it accounted effortlessly for the stress-shift data presented in the recent literature. It could moreover be shown that apparent cases of stress shift in unaccented speech (in which the Rhythm Rule does not apply) should not in fact be viewed as the output of any stress-shift rule at all, but should be explained as the effect of preboundary lengthening as applying to the different constituents in the prosodic hierarchy. It was argued that an analysis of sentence accentuation whereby focused constituents have to be assigned accents can run into problems that do not exist in a ‘deaccenting’ analysis, in which nonfocused constituents are deprived of their accents. Finally, it was argued that English, unlike Dutch, lacks phonological rules that refer to primary word stress, and that, at best, primary stress may reveal itself in low-level timing distinctions.