Phylogenetic beta diversity of native and alien species in European urban floras
Phylogenetic beta diversity of native and alien species in European urban floras
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欧洲城市植物区系本地和外来物种的系统发育β多样性
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发表时间：
2012
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通讯作者：
K. Thompson
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作者：
C. Ricotta;F. A. Sorte;P. Pyšek;Gillian L. Rapson;L. Celesti‐Grapow;K. Thompson
目的人类活动削弱了植物扩散的地理屏障，增加了外来植物的引入率。然而，它们对β多样性和植物区系同质化的影响知之甚少。我们的目标是比较系统发育β多样性的本地物种与两组外来物种，古植物和新植物（分别介绍之前和之后1500年），在欧洲城市植物群，探讨生物入侵如何影响系统发育营业额在大陆范围内。位于欧洲大陆和不列颠群岛北纬49 °至53°之间的六个国家的二十个欧洲城市。方法在多元空间中，利用植物群的平均系统发育差异度来比较本地种和外来种的系统发育β多样性。不同物种组之间的系统发育β多样性的差异，然后使用随机化测试的多变量分散的同质性进行评估。结果在整个欧洲城市植物区系，与本地人相比，古植物通常与较低水平的系统发育β多样性，而新植物往往会增加系统发育分化。主要结论虽然古植物往往促进有限的同质化系统发育β多样性，由于其不同的地理来源，以及在入侵地区的短停留时间，新植物并没有促进整个欧洲的城市植物区系的生物同质化。因此，尽管外星人入侵的速度越来越快，但城市的强烈系统发育同质化并不是很快就会发生的。
Aim Human activities have weakened biogeographical barriers to dispersal, increasing the rate of introduction of alien plants. However, their impact on beta diversity and floristic homogenization is poorly understood. Our goal is to compare the phylogenetic beta diversity of native species with that of two groups of alien species, archaeophytes and neophytes (introduced before and afterad 1500, respectively), across European urban floras to explore how biological invasions affect phylogenetic turnover at a continental scale. Location Twenty European cities located in six countries between 49 and 53° N latitude in continental Europe and the British Isles. Methods To compare the phylogenetic beta diversity of native and alien species we use the average phylogenetic dissimilarity of individual floras from their group centroid in multivariate space. Differences in phylogenetic beta diversity among different species groups are then assessed using a randomization test for homogeneity of multivariate dispersions. Results Across European urban floras, and when contrasted with natives, archaeophytes are usually associated with lower levels of phylogenetic beta diversity while neophytes tend to increase phylogenetic differentiation. Main conclusions While archaeophytes tend to promote limited homogenization in phylogenetic beta diversity, because of their diverse geographical origin together with short residence times in the invaded regions, neophytes are not promoting biotic homogenization of urban floras across Europe. Therefore, in spite of the increasing rate of alien invasion, an intense phylogenetic homogenization of urban cities is not to be expected soon.