Diversity and Evolution of Plastids and Their Genomes

Diversity and Evolution of Plastids and Their Genomes
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质体及其基因组的多样性和进化

DOI:
10.1007/978-3-540-68696-5_1
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发表时间:
2008
期刊:
Annual research & review in biology
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
J. Archibald
J. Archibald
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
E. Kim;J. Archibald

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质体,植物和藻类的光收集细胞器,是蓝藻内共生体的后代,成为非光合真核宿主细胞内的永久固定装置。本章概述了质体的结构、功能和分子多样性,以及它们所在的真核生物宿主之间的进化关系。绿藻、陆生植物、红藻和蓝藻都有双膜结合质体,其祖先一般被认为可以直接追溯到最初的蓝藻内共生体。相比之下,许多其他藻类的质体,如鞭毛藻、硅藻和真核藻类,通常由两层以上的膜结合,这表明它们是通过非光合真核宿主和真核藻类内共生体之间的内共生合并间接获得的。来自不同光合类群的越来越多的基因组数据使得检验真核生物光合作用进化的特定假设成为可能,从而提高我们对现代真核光养生物基因组和生化多样性的理解。
Plastids, the light-harvesting organelles of plants and algae, are the descendants of cyanobacterial endosymbionts that became permanent fixtures inside nonphotosynthetic eukaryotic host cells. This chapter provides an overview of the structural, functional and molecular diversity of plastids in the context of current views on the evolutionary relationships among the eukaryotic hosts in which they reside. Green algae, land plants, red algae and glaucophyte algae harbor double-membrane-bound plastids whose ancestry is generally believed to trace directly to the original cyanobacterial endosymbiont. In contrast, the plastids of many other algae, such as dinoflagellates, diatoms and euglenids, are usually bound by more than two membranes, suggesting that these were acquired indirectly via endosymbiotic mergers between nonphotosynthetic eukaryotic hosts and eukaryotic algal endosymbionts. An increasing amount of genomic data from diverse photosynthetic taxa has made it possible to test specific hypotheses about the evolution of photosynthesis in eukaryotes and, consequently, improve our understanding of the genomic and biochemical diversity of modern-day eukaryotic phototrophs.
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