Organisation of the musculature of the rat stomach
Organisation of the musculature of the rat stomach
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DOI：
10.1111/joa.13587
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发表时间：
2021-11-07
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Furness, John B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Di Natale, Madeleine R.;Patten, Lauren;Furness, John B.
胃运动的强度、方向和耦合取决于它的肌肉组织。虽然大鼠已被作为研究胃功能的模型物种，但对大鼠胃肌肉的排列还没有详细、定量的研究。在这里，我们提供了一个描述性和定量的帐户，并将其与人类胃解剖进行比较。大鼠胃由外肌层、纵肌层、圆肌层和胃-食道交界处的内斜肌组成。这些层与人类相似。与人类不同的是，大鼠的胃也有一对位于纵肌外的肌肉性食管-幽门韧带。整个胃有明显的粘膜肌层，在胃体和胃窦腺体之间的粘膜上有平滑肌束。食管壁的横纹肌延伸到胃，不像人类，食管远端壁是平滑肌。因此，人胃和食管平滑肌束的连续性在大鼠身上没有出现。圆形肌束环绕胃周围延伸，在胃底形成平行肌束的帽状。这种安排有利于协调的圆周收缩。小的肌肉束在圆形肌肉束之间形成连接。这与与圆形肌束正交的较慢的兴奋传导一致，穿过体向远上颌窦方向传导。斜肌与圆肌在靠近胃-食管交界处的眼底底部和在小弯曲外侧的肌体处合并并连续。肌肉厚度定量显示纵肌和圆肌的厚度梯度。这项解剖学研究为解释胃运动提供了必要的数据。
The strengths, directions and coupling of the movements of the stomach depend on the organisation of its musculature. Although the rat has been used as a model species to study gastric function, there is no detailed, quantitative study of the arrangement of the gastric muscles in rat. Here we provide a descriptive and quantitative account, and compare it with human gastric anatomy. The rat stomach has three components of the muscularis externa, a longitudinal coat, a circular coat and an internal oblique (sling) muscle in the region of the gastro-oesophageal junction. These layers are similar to human. Unlike human, the rat stomach is also equipped with paired muscular oesophago-pyloric ligaments that lie external to the longitudinal muscle. There is a prominent muscularis mucosae throughout the stomach and strands of smooth muscle occur in the mucosa, between the glands of the corpus and antrum. The striated muscle of the oesophageal wall reaches to the stomach, unlike the human, in which the wall of the distal oesophagus is smooth muscle. Thus, the continuity of gastric and oesophageal smooth muscle bundles, that occurs in human, does not occur in rat. Circular muscle bundles extend around the circumference of the stomach, in the fundus forming a cap of parallel muscle bundles. This arrangement favours co-ordinated circumferential contractions. Small bands of muscle make connections between the circular muscle bundles. This is consistent with a slower conduction of excitation orthogonal to the circular muscle bundles, across the corpus towards the distal antrum. The oblique muscle merged and became continuous with the circular muscle close to the gastro-oesophageal junction at the base of the fundus, and in the corpus, lateral to the lesser curvature. Quantitation of muscle thickness revealed gradients of thickness of both the longitudinal and circular muscle. This anatomical study provides essential data for interpreting gastric movements.