Diversifying Feminism: Migrant Women’s Activism in Australia
Diversifying Feminism: Migrant Women’s Activism in Australia
复制标题
女权主义多元化：澳大利亚移民妇女的行动主义
DOI：
10.1086/528742
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Christina Ho
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Christina Ho
今天，区域间和国际移徙的速度比历史上任何时候都要快，目前估计有1.75亿人生活在出生国以外，其中约49%是妇女（IOM 2005）。无论是从女性移民的人数还是从妇女在利用移民战略改善家庭经济福祉方面发挥的作用来看，妇女参与各种形式的移民的人数都在增加。例如，大多数被贩卖的人是妇女，在估计的2 500万冲突造成的国内流离失所者中，妇女约占70%（Alicea和Toro-Morn，2004年;移徙组织，2005年）。越来越多的妇女也在进行职业和经济选择，包括从农村到城市地区和其他国家。富裕国家出现的劳动力短缺与这些国家妇女的选择改善有关，更多的妇女选择退出地位低、工作时间长的工作，导致专门针对贫穷国家的女工。在一些国家，妇女占移徙工人的最大比例;例如，从菲律宾移徙到中东的工人大多数是妇女（IOM 2005）。在全球化的推动下，在社会和个人因素的推动下，在世界政治重新调整的背景下，女工的移徙也反映了妇女机构的新方向。例如，随着越来越多的妇女承担起带头移民的角色，
Interregional and international migration is occurring at a faster rate today than at any other point in history, and currently there are an estimated 175 million people living outside their country of birth, approximately 49 percent of whom are women (IOM 2005). Women’s involvement across all forms of migration is growing, both in terms of the number of female migrants and in the role women play in utilizing migration strategies to improve the economic well-being of the family. For instance, the majority of persons trafficked are women, and women account for about 70 percent of the estimated 25 million persons internally displaced by conflict (Alicea and Toro-Morn 2004; IOM 2005). Increasingly, women are also exercising career and economic choices that involve movement from rural to urban areas and also to other countries. Emergent labor shortages in richer countries—which are linked to improved options for women in those countries, with more women opting out of jobs with low status and undesirable hours—have resulted in the specific targeting of women workers from poorer countries. In some countries women make up the greatest percentage of migrant workers; for example, the majority of workers migrating from the Philippines to the Middle East are women (IOM 2005). Set against realignments in world politics, facilitated by globalization, and fueled by social and personal factors, the migration of women workers also reflects new directions for women’s agency. For example, as an increasing number of women take on the lead-migrant role