Sociotechnical Imaginaries and National Energy Policies
Sociotechnical Imaginaries and National Energy Policies
复制标题
社会技术想象和国家能源政策
DOI：
10.1080/09505431.2013.786990
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Sang‐Hyun Kim
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Jasanoff;Sang‐Hyun Kim
工业世界的政治机制正在缓慢地、不情愿地、几乎听得见的反抗声中，准备应对新千年的能源危机。我们面临的挑战是将燃料这种古老、技术含量低但最文明的人类发明纳入高科技项目的范围内，这些项目旨在减轻气候变化的威胁，同时满足全球经济增长和发展的需求。未来的能源方案正在转向清洁、高效和丰富的替代能源，以取代目前为世界大部分地区提供电力的肮脏、采掘性、不可再生的化石燃料系统。如此规模的能源转型并不仅仅涉及将一种资源换成另一种资源：用清洁原子代替污染性煤炭，或者用可再生风能代替可耗尽的石油。新能源的未来需要重新配置文明的物理深层结构——电网和管道、海滨和田园景观、郊区和城市——这些结构是由过去的能源选择塑造的。同样，我们在这里认为，燃料供应的根本变化可能会改变社会基础设施，改变既定的生活和工作模式，并以与以前不同的方式分配利益和负担。因此，分析师应该更加关注能源转型的社会层面，补充对经济和工程问题的更传统的分析。政策制定者将如何应对这一挑战？我们相信，对过去指导能源政策的“社会技术想象”的探索提供了一些答案，通过揭示能源科学作为文化的隐藏社会维度，2013年卷。 22，第 2 期，189–196，http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09505431.2013.786990
Slowly, reluctantly, with almost audible screeches of resistance, the political machinery of the industrial world is gearing up to address the energy crises of the new millennium. The challenge is to bring fuel—that ancient, low-tech, yet most civilizing of human inventions—within the reach of high-tech projects that seek to mitigate the threat of climate change while meeting the demand for global economic growth and development. In place of the dirty, extractive, nonrenewable, fossil fuel systems that currently power much of the world, the energy scenarios of the future are homing in on alternatives that promise to be clean, efficient, and superabundant. Energy transitions of such proportions do not simply involve swapping one resource for another: clean atoms for polluting coal or renewable wind for exhaustible oil. New energy futures will need to reconfigure the physical deep structures of civilization—grids and pipelines, seashores and pastoral landscapes, and suburbs and cities—that were shaped by the energy choices of the past. Equally, we argue here, radical changes in the fuel supply are likely to transform social infrastructures, changing established patterns of life and work and allocating benefits and burdens differently from before. Accordingly analysts should pay greater attention to the social dimensions of energy transitions, complementing more conventional analyses of economic and engineering issues. How will policy-makers meet this challenge? We believe that an exploration of the “sociotechnical imaginaries” that guided energy policies in the past provide some answers, by shedding light on the hidden social dimensions of energy Science as Culture, 2013 Vol. 22, No. 2, 189–196, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09505431.2013.786990